Introduction:The poppy plant (Papaver somniferum) has always had a dual nature throughout history; on the one hand, it is known as one of the most vital medicinal resources for relieving human pain, and on the other hand, it is the basis for the production of products that are considered a serious threat to the physical, psychological and social security of modern societies. Iran's geographical location in the neighborhood of the world's largest drug production hubs (Golden Crescent) has faced the country with complex challenges in the field of agricultural land management and control of illegal crops. Harsin city in Kermanshah province, due to its favorable climate, fertile soil and suitable water resources, has high potential for the production of diverse agricultural products. However, the penetration of poppy cultivation in parts of the region's lands is not just a biological or agricultural phenomenon; it is a reaction to complex economic and social structures. When the balance between production costs and pr Objective: The objective of this thesis is to identify and analyze the drivers affecting the development of poppy cultivation and analyze the environmental, economic, and social consequences of it in rural areas of Harsin County (case study: Cheher District). In this regard, the research will be conducted by identifying the underlying factors (economic, social, cultural, and institutional) that affect farmers' tendency to engage in illegal cultivation, prioritizing the drivers, and determining the share and weight of each factor using statistic Methodology: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of nature and method with a sequential exploratory design in which the priority is given to the quantitative part (QUAN) and the qualitative part (qual) is used to identify the components and develop the measurement tool. In the first phase: the qualitative stage (grounded theory strategy), a qualitative approach and grounded theory strategy were used to deeply analyze the factors and effects of poppy cultivation. The participants included experts in the field of agricultural jihad and local informants who were selected through purposive sampling of the snowball type, and this process continued until theoretical saturation; finally, 25 people were studied. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews, and the data were analyzed using MAXQDA software through open, axial, and selective coding. In the. Results: The research findings show that economic drivers (chronic poverty and survival strategy) are at the top of the priorities, and climatic factors (low water needs) and institutional-supervisory weaknesses act as facilitators. The conseque

   Introduction: Recent studies indicate that the prevalence of stress among rural communities is increasing. Therefore, paying attention to the mental health of rural residents—as the main producers of agricultural products in the country—is of great importance. Purpose: The present study was conducted to assess rural stress in the Sarfiroozabad district. Methodology: This research employed a mixed-method, sequential-exploratory design. The statistical population included 14,000 farmers from Sarfiroozabad district. Based on Krejcie and Morgan’s table, a sample of 380 individuals was selected using a stratified random sampling method according to their proximity or distance from the district center. To collect data, a questionnaire was first designed through a qualitative phase, which included literature review and unstructured interviews with experts. The collected data were then analyzed using   -22 software in both descriptive and inferential sections. Findings: The overall level of rural stress among residents of Sarfiroozabad district was moderate. The highest levels of stress were observed in infrastructural-service, socio-familial, and environmental dimensions, while the lowest level was related to environmental and climatic aspects. Among the 59 studied items, drought, decline in groundwater levels, and delayed rainfall caused the greatest concern. Moreover, married individuals, those with higher education, farmers without rural insurance, and owners of irrigated or privately owned lands experienced higher levels of stress. Conclusion: In conditions of weak economic status, uncontrollable natural crises, and challenging cultural issues, the emergence of stress is a natural phenomenon. However, when its intensity increases and coping ability decreases, it can lead to irreversible consequences. Therefore, paying attention to the mental health of rural populations and providing them with training to manage and cope with stress is essential, as they play a key role in ensuring the nation’s food security. Keywords: Stress, Rural Stress, Sarfiroozabad                                 

Introduction and Problem Statement:This study investigates the capacities and advantages of sustainable livelihoods in the Sarfirouzabad district, located in Kermanshah Province. Achieving sustainable development is not possible without improving livelihoods and reducing poverty in rural areas. According to data from Iran's Statistical Center, the annual income ratio of rural households to urban ones in this area is significantly low, leading to the unsustainability of rural livelihoods. Additionally, climate change and the instability of natural resources threaten food security and the livelihoods of residents. Therefore, identifying capacities and advantages in this district is essential for strengthening sustainable livelihoods and reducing economic and social vulnerabilities. Materials and Methods:This research was conducted descriptively-analytically using both qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 local residents, identifying five types of capital: natural, physical, human, financial, and social. These interviews aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of local capacities and existing challenges regarding sustainable livelihoods. In the quantitative section, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to prioritize capacities and advantages. A sample of 20 experts and informed individuals in local development was selected, and paired comparison questionnaires were distributed to collect data. The data were analyzed using Expert Choice software. Findings and Conclusion:The findings revealed that physical and natural capital have the highest priority in improving sustainable livelihoods. Analysis of interview results and paired comparisons indicated that cultivating high-value-added products, particularly saffron, and raising livestock and poultry were identified as the most important advantages for enhancing sustainable livelihoods. Saffron, due to its high labor demand and suitable income generation, presents an attractive job opportunity for local residents. Additionally, livestock and poultry farming, being a traditional occupation with local expertise, can contribute to food security and improve household economic status.The results emphasize that leveraging local capacities and strengthening them can lead to sustainable job creation and improved quality of life for residents in this district. These findings are particularly significant for planners and policymakers in the context of rural sustainable development. Recommendations:Based on the study's results, it is recommended that educational and supportive programs be designed and implemented to enhance human and physical capital in the region. These programs could include training courses in sustainable agriculture, natural resource management, and technical and vocational skills. Additionally, attention to developing the necessary infrastructure for increasing productivity in high-value-added crops and livestock and poultry farming could significantly improve the sustainable livelihoods of Sarfirouzabad residents.Furthermore, creating distribution and marketing networks for local products and establishing service-related jobs in tourism could play a crucial role in strengthening the local economy. These approaches would not only help improve residents' livelihoods but also contribute to preserving natural resources and enhancing the quality of life in these areas.  

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   Abstract Introduction: Development activities impose risks on the environment, and the dimensions of these potential risks vary depending on the nature of the project and environmental sensitivities. Brick kilns have a high impact potential. Therefore, by assessing the environment and providing an appropriate management plan, the potential negative impacts arising from them can be reduced as much as possible and the affected environment can be improved. Accordingly, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the sustainable management of lands covered by brick kilns in three areas: land degradation, land use change, and land cover, in Godin Rural District, Kangavar County. Methodology: To achieve the research objectives, an integrated (qualitative-quantitative) approach was used. A qualitative method (phenomenology) was used to identify the threats of brick kilns and the lived experiences of residents of target villages of brick kilns, and to identify and prioritize the necessary solutions for sustainable management of lands covered by brick kilns in Godin Rural District, Kangavar County (Delphi and Analytic Hierarchy Process). The study population of the study was residents of target villages of brick kilns, brick kiln workers, kiln owners, and experts and specialists in this field, and 14 people were selected as samples based on the criterion-based sampling method. The data collection tool was semi-structured individual in-depth interviews and field notes, and the interviews continued until data saturation was reached. Content analysis and the seven-step Claise model were used to analyze the data, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and in the (  ) (Expert Choice) software environment. Results: Based on the research results, in relation to the threats posed by brick kilns, three thematic categories were identified: A. Land use change (land removal from the production cycle, creation of water storage ponds, damage and destruction of secondary roads, and desertification), B. Vegetation change (reduction of fertile soil for plant growth, reduction of plant growth and drying, reduction of fodder required by livestock, reduction of plant photosynthesis, and reduction in the quantity and quality of plant products), and C. Land degradation (severe soil erosion, landslides, and soil impoverishment) was identified, and in relation to the lived experiences of participants from brick kilns, five clusters were identified: 1. Disease (lung problems, spinal problems, and boredom and depression), 2. Expansion of social connections (connections with different ethnic groups and greater connection with the people of the village), 3. Economic benefit (reduction of unemployment, income generation, and job creation), 4. Conflict of interest (conflict with kiln owners and conflict with organizations), and 5. Hard work (hard and exhausting work, becoming addicted due to hard work, and not continuing education due to exhausting work). Also, the use of government facilities and support in the field of accelerating the provision of infrastructure facilities for the creation of agricultural projects such as greenhouses, the correct implementation of agricultural land use conservation laws regarding the activity of brick kilns, and the use of deterrents in the field of preventing further destruction and informing the villagers about the environmental risks of brick kilns were, respectively, the most important or, in other words, the most appropriate solutions for the sustainable management of lands covered by brick kilns in Godin Rural District, Kangavar County. Discussion and Conclusion:

   Introduction and statement of the problem: The problem of food waste is one of the main challenges in the world.   According to reports, in different countries, a significant amount of food that is produced and consumed at home is wasted due to improper consumption and storage practices.   Meanwhile, rural women play an important role in managing food resources at home.   As the managers of the house and food resources, they influence in reducing or increasing the food waste of households.   Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the responsible behavior of women in the village of Dalaho towards reducing household food waste.   Materials and methods: The current research is based on quantitative-qualitative paradigm.   The research sample in the quantitative part includes 190 female households of Dalhousie city, who were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method.   Quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire, the validity of which was prepared with the opinion of experts, and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's test.   The sample of the qualitative section was also selected from among the women of the Dalhouh city using a clear sampling method, and the data was collected through interviews, and after 15 interviews, theoretical saturation was achieved.   Data analysis of the qualitative part was done through content analysis and theme analysis and using the traditional open, central and selective coding method.   At first, in the first objective, qualitative method was used to identify examples of responsible behavior of women in Dalaho city towards reducing household food waste.   In the second objective, the amount of responsible behavior of village women towards the reduction of household food waste was investigated using a quantitative method.   that the data collected by means of descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (T and F test and determining the relationship between independent and dependent variable, Spearman's correlation and then step-by-step regression)   ) and was analyzed using    statistical software.   Finally, the third objective was to identify the reasons affecting the responsible behavior of rural women towards reducing household food waste at each stage using a qualitative method.   Findings and conclusions:

  ustainable rural development is only possible in the light of proper use of environmental resources with theoretical and intellectual infrastructure and their preservation and improvement for future generations. The behavior of farmers in dealing with these basic resources has a decisive role in their protection. Purpose: The research was conducted with the purpose of modeling the environmentally responsible behavior of vegetable growers in Miandarband district of Kermanshah city based on Heinz et al.'s model. Research methodology: The research was applied in terms of purpose, which was carried out descriptively and correlationally. The statistical population was 149 vegetable farmers of Mian-Darband district in Kermanshah province, and the data was collected from them. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The collected data were analyzed using   WIN22 and SmartPLSWIN3 software and in two descriptive and inferential sections.

   Abstract The present quantitative study aimed to analyze and examine the relationship between mental behavior indicators and environmental behavior of beekeepers using the hybrid TPB-MPI model. The statistical population of the research consisted of 180 beekeepers from Javanrud County, all of whom were studied using a census sampling method. The data collection tool was a three-part researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed by expert professors, and reliability was verified through Cronbach's alpha test. To investigate the causal relationships among the variables, structural equation modeling was employed using PLS software. The results indicated that there was no significant relationship between attitude and intention toward environmentally friendly behavior among beekeepers (p=0.318, t=0.998), intention and mental processing indicators (p=0.124, t=1.538), environmentally friendly behavior and mental processing indicators (p=0.137, t=1.00), and subjective norms and intention toward environmentally friendly behavior (p=0.51, t=0.658). Hence, the null hypothesis remains valid. The findings also showed significant relationships between the variables of intention and environmentally friendly behavior (p=0.016, t=2.40), attitude and mental processing indicators (p=0.018, t=2.36), perceived behavioral control and mental processing indicators (p=0.000, t=3.39), subjective norms and mental processing indicators (p=0.001, t=3.28), perceived behavioral control and environmentally friendly behavior (p=0.000, t=3.36), and environmentally friendly behavior and perceived behavioral control (p=0.017, t=2.38).    Keywords: Mental behavior, mental processing indicators, subjective indicators, Hermann model, environmental behavior, beekeepers   

  This experiment was conducted to investigate theeffect of planting arrangement and cover crop on weed control and the growth and yield of corn (cv. 704) in 2023. The arrangement of treatments was as factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was the crop planting pattern (including single-row planting patern of corn) and the second factor was cover crop cultivation between the crop rows (clover, vetch, barley, clover + barley, vetch + barley). The results of this study showed that the pattern of planting and covering plants and their mutual effect had an effect on the wet weight of weeds. In the two-row planting pattern, the wet weight of the weeds was lower than in the single-row planting pattern. Also, the lowest fresh weight of weeds was related to vetch+barley and clover+barley. The highest wet weight of weeds was related to vetiver, clover + barley and barley alone treatment, which could not control weeds well. The number of leaves per plant was not affected by the investigated treatments, but the height of the plant was only affected by the interaction effect of planting pattern in cover crops. The highest fresh weight of the plant compared to the control with an average of 73% compared to the control was obtained from the vetiver treatment. It was also observed that the lowest fresh weight (16% compared to the control) was obtained from the vetch + barley treatment in the single-row planting patern (single/double-row planting patern). The results also showed that the diameter of the stem and cob was affected by cover crops and the reaction of cover crops in the planting pattern only at the level of 1%. The highest cob diameter (15% compared to the control) was obtained from barley treatment in single-row cultivation, followed by vetiver and barley treatment in double-row cultivation

   The significant increase of working women is an undeniable fact of Iranian society. Despite this evidence shows that few working women are entrepreneurs. Therefore, it is very important to provide suitable social and cultural conditions and contexts for starting entrepreneurial activities. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the factors affecting the desire to be an entrepreneur in rural women of Miandarband village of Kermanshah province. The sample size is 250 people according to Karjesi and Morgan's table and cluster sampling method was used to select the sample. For this purpose, 22 villages were randomly selected from all the villages of this district and sampling was done according to the population of the village and the target age range. The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and is a quantitative research in terms of its approach. In order to collect information in the theoretical part, the documentary method was used, and in the field part, the survey method based on interviews and distribution of questionnaires was used, and their analysis was done using    and Amos software. In order to determine the validity of the form and content of the questionnaire, after its preparation, the initial control of the questionnaire questions was carried out by university professors and experts and experts from the women's affairs department of the agricultural jihad. Confirmatory factor analysis was also used to confirm the construct validity. The reliability of the research tool has also been measured through Cronbach's alpha. The results of the research showed that among all the investigated components in the studied community and the analysis of hypotheses through    and Amos software and the information obtained from descriptive statistics in general, knowledge and entrepreneurial characteristics accounted for 0.37 of the variance of the attitude variable. and explain 0.48 of the variance of the perceived behavior control variable. Also, knowledge has been able to explain 0.21 of the variance of the subjective norm variable, finally, all the variables of the structural model (entrepreneurial characteristics, attitude, economic factors, educational factors) explained 0.56 of the variance of the desire for entrepreneurship variable. The results showed that mental norm, perceived behavior control, family factors, organizational institutional factors, socio-cultural factors, and knowledge have no effect on the desire to be an entrepreneur in the studied society, but the effect of knowledge on mental norm (0.46), attitude (0.29) and perceived behavior control (0.41) were significant and the effect of entrepreneurial characteristics on perceived behavior control (0.44) and attitude (0.44) was also accepted. From the present research, it can be concluded that to increase the attitude and desire for entrepreneurship among rural women, there is a need to create favorable environmental conditions and improve the level of literacy regarding entrepreneurship and understanding of existing cultural and social conditions. These measures can help increase entrepreneurial and economic opportunities for women in rural areas. In general, if rural women are faced with a dynamic and receptive environment towards entrepreneurship and if the level of entrepreneurship literacy in that area increases, their inclination towards entrepreneurship will probably increase. One of the achievements of this research was the identification of some factors affecting the desire to be an entrepreneur, which had not been paid attention to before.

   Introduction: Special attention to increasing livestock production and improving productivity to achieve self-sufficiency and basic and food needs seems to increase the country more than in the past. Animal husbandry, as the most important sub-sector of agriculture, is one of the most important sectors in the production of production materials and dairy products, which plays a major role in feeding the people of the society, and is a group of dynamic and effective industries, which is subject to many risks during production. Objectives The objective of this research was to analyze the factors on increasing the productivity of the traditional animal husbandry unit in Serfirouzabad village of Kermanshah city in 2022-2023 from the point of view of livestock farmers. Research methodology: The current research is quantitative in terms of paradigm, applied in terms of purpose, Descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection, and field and library in terms of the amount and degree of control of variables. The statistical population of the research includes the owners of traditional livestock units in Sarfirouzabad village of Kermanshah (N = 1100), based on Karjesi and Morgan's table, 285 people were selected using stratified random sampling, including 130 livestock owners with sheep units. 100 ranchers had lamb breeding units and 55 ranchers had dairy cattle units. The data collection tool was 3 researcher-made questionnaires along with interviews, the validity of which was evaluated based on the opinion of experts and university professors, and its reliability was calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient in    software as 0.81. Data analysis was done in two parts, descriptive and inferential statistics, in   23 software. Also, in order to calculate the economic productivity of traditional livestock units, the formula of economic productivity of all production factors was used. Findings: The study of the productivity of the sheep units showed that the average productivity of the total production factors in the sheep units is 2, in the lamb breeding units is 0.2 and in the dairy cow units is 0.8. The results of the study regarding the factors affecting the productivity of traditional animal husbandry units showed that two political factors with an average of 4.073 and economic factors with an average of 4.051 have the greatest effect on the productivity of animal husbandry units. In addition, the social factor with an average of 3.962 was in the third place, and the managerial factor with an average of 3.867 and the human factor with an average of 3.785 were placed in the fourth and fifth place among the factors affecting productivity. Conclusion and suggestion: By ensuring the psychological and physical security of investing in proper pricing of products and inputs instead of mandatory pricing, the government should have a strong supporting and controlling role and provide livestock inputs in the right amount and at the right time at the right price. to put livestock farmers; Also, by granting appropriate subsidies, facilities and credits to traditional animal husbandry units, which have been converted into industrial or semi-industrial units, and by using modern technologies and improved breeds of livestock, their productivity should be increased.   

   This study was conducted with the aim of feasibility of developing saffron cultivation in Javanrood city by using SWOT strategic analysis. This study is qualitative in nature and based on the SWOT analysis model. In this way, at first, the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities were extracted using the qualitative paradigm, and these points and strategies were weighted and prioritized. The results identified 7 broad categories for the strengths of the development of saffron cultivation, including the existence of suitable capacities for saffron production in the region, the possibility of a family production process, a healthy and environmentally friendly product, the high value of the saffron product, the low cost of saffron cultivation, the existence of a large and long-term local market. There are seven categories of weaknesses, including the low knowledge and experience of saffron growers from production to marketing, lack of skilled workers and high labor costs, bulk sales and lack of proper packaging, non-acceptance of saffron as a cultivation model, problems with onion preparation, its high cost, lack of income in the first years of production and low performance compared to other provinces were identified. The identified opportunities included access to wide markets, people's willingness to cultivate and consume saffron in the region, compatibility of saffron cultivation with the region's climate, and government support for the development of saffron cultivation. The threats include the lack of all-round government support in saffron production, the lack of protective laws and comprehensive and tra  arent government policy regarding the development of saffron cultivation, the weakness of the training and monitoring courses of the Jihad Organization in relation to saffron, the lack of necessary facilities and equipment for production and saffron transformation and complementary industries in the region, the existence of environmental and human risks in the region, the limited market, the lack of supply of sufficient inputs and tools for saffron cultivation by the Jihad Organization, the monopoly of the world market in the hands of other countries, and the lack of access to high-quality onions. Considering that the total of internal and external factors were both greater than 2.50, as a result, the strategies used were aggressive.

   Introduction: Knowledge-based companies play an important role in the development of technology, economicprosperity and creation of productive employment.In other words, knowledge-based companies area means of economic development.But in the field of agriculture, due to some structural problems,knowledge-based companies in Kermanshah province exist at a limited level despite the existenceof many capacities in the agricultural sector. Objective: The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the obstacles and facilitators of thedevelopment of knowledge-based agricultural companies in Kermanshah province. Research Methodology: In terms of its nature, it is considered to be of the type of mixed (qualitative- quantitative) research, in terms of the degree ofcontrol of variables, it is of the non-experimental type, and in terms of the purpose, it is consideredto be of the type of applied research;The main design used in the research was sequentialexploratory. Based on this, the qualitative part of the research was done first, and based on theresults, the quantitative part was done.The quality department community was the CEO and experts, that 16 of them were selected by purposeful snowball sampling.The data analysis of thissection was done using two stages of open and axial coding using Maxqdawin18 software. Thestatistical population of the quantitative part of the research was 61 people who had companies in different fields of agriculture in the growth centers and Science and Technology Park of theprovince, and all information was collected from them.Data analysis was done using force fieldanalysis through   win20 and Pathmakerver5.5 software. Results: The data analysis of the qualitative part of the research led to the identification of 32 facilitatorsand 31obstacles in the form of five categories of individual, institutional, specialized, and interactive -communicationand managerial factors.The comparison between the facilitating forces and theobstacles in the quantitative part showed that only in the institutional dimension, the obstacles aremore deterrent.In other words, in the institutional sector, the development of agriculturalknowledge-based companies faces many obstacles، Identification of executive measures throughinterviews with CEOs and hypothetical implementation of these measures led to the reduction ofthe deterrent effect of obstacles. Conclusion: Considering the strong four factors of individual, specialized, interaction-communication andmanagement in the current situation, we can witness the development of agricultural knowledgebasedcompanies in the future.In the institutional dimension, it is necessary to remove theobstacles in this factor through proper planning and management Therefore, through theinstitutionalization of executive actions and facilitating factors, it is possible to lead to the fasterdevelopment of knowledge-based agricultural companies and to weaken obstacles.

   Introduction: Access to accurate, timely and appropriate information enables farmers to make better decisions about what to produce, when to produce it and where to sell it. Considering the colorful role of television in influencing the audience and the possibility of learning more complex issues through it, it demands more and more attention to this medium. Among the important factors of the efficiency of the media in transmitting agricultural information to farmers, we can mention the timeliness, interest of farmers, freshness and quality of information. All these sectors need attention due to the expansion of leading organizations while using some media as dissemination tools. Objective: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the characteristics of a desirable agricultural educational television program. Research methodology: The population of this qualitative research was the extension workers of Kermanshah city. Purposeful snowball sampling method was used to select the participants. The data collection method was semi-structured interview and sampling continued until data saturation. The data were analyzed through three stages of open, central and selective coding. The validity and reliability of the data were examined through reliability, transferability, verifiability and reliability. Findings: According to the results, the most important weaknesses of the Rooiesh TV show were the inappropriate time of the program broadcast, the lack of training and information, and the lack of attention to the characteristics and needs of the audience. The most important features of a desirable agricultural educational television program from the point of view of extension workers are continuity and solidarity in the time and broadcast of the program, emphasis on appropriate content, presentation of the program in different formats and based on interaction and feedback. Conclusion: Paying attention to the weak points of the Rooiesh TV program and planning to reduce them by considering the identified desirable features can lead to an increase in the quality of the TV program in question and consequently an increase in the number of viewers. The number and content of the current TV show's weaknesses show that it needs a major overhaul in all its parts.

  AbstractIntroduction:Today, tourism festivals and events are one of the most growing sectors ofrural tourism in Kermanshah province. Local managers ofdifferent villages in Bayingan district organize various tourism events basedon their cultural and economic characteristics. Amongthese diverse forms of tourism is event tourism. In recent years, with the increase of natural and humancrises and the speed of their spread to the ends of the world, and due to theincreasing intertwining of economy, culture and human societies, tourismdestinations have faced problems in planning, management and control. Investigating the effects of covid-19 in terms ofhelping to control and manage it in the field of event tourism is an inevitableand fundamental thing, which requires knowing the region's experiences oftourism target events, the problems caused by the covid-19 crisis, and thenecessity of adopting crisis management and providing strategies management ofthe target areas.Research method: Inthe present study, using a qualitative approach and content analysis with adirectional approach, due to predetermined categorization based on Taylor'sperceptometric model, semi-structured interviews were conducted with localresidents, local officials, tourists and local entrepreneurs in the fields ofDifferent types of tourism in Bayingan region were targeted Andthen, in order to analyze them, Claizi's seven-stage model was used. Then, thechallenges and problems that the Covid-19epidemic has placed on tourism in the region were identified. Finally,in order to formulate strategies for the management of the covid-19epidemic on tourism events in the target areas, using a qualitative paradigm toanalyze the crisis management of event-oriented tourism in the conditions ofthe covid-19 epidemic based on thecrisis management framework of Murphy et al. (2008)using content analysis in software MAX-QDA was used.Findings:Based on the results of content analysis, 70 key codes and concepts in sevencategories under the title of Pomegranate Festival, Agar Festival, NowruzFestival, Chele Festival, Religious Holidays, Baby Festival, ThanksgivingFestival in four categories of experiences, definitions, memories. andexpectations, it was identified that after the Covid-19 crisis, they were facedwith major challenges such as reduced sales of products, lack of acceptance oftourism events, lack of motivation and lack of interest in communicating, whichrequired the adoption of a crisis management approach in the three areas ofgoals, strategy and action. They were in three stages before the crisis, duringthe crisis and after the crisis. Based on thefindings, in the post-crisis phase, the goal of prevention and its strategiesis preparation and empowerment; During the crisis stage, the goal of managingthe impact of the crisis and its strategies, reactive measures and reducing theharmful effects of the crisis, and in the post-crisis stage, the goal ofrevitalizing and promoting tourism-related businesses and appropriatestrategies for recovery and revision, increasing the resilience of businessesand businesses It was related to tourism.Discussion and conclusion: Bayingan district with its cultural, social, naturalfeatures and unique traditional and historical events is one of the targetareas of Iranian tourism, which has not been exempted from the effects of theCovid-19 epidemic. Therefore, investigating the effects of Covid-19 in terms ofhelping to control and manage it in the field of event tourism and applyingmanagement strategies is inevitable and essential. Therefore, taking intoaccount that with the occurrence of any crisis, changes and transformationsoccur, so for survival, it is necessary for businesses to advance theiractivities in accordance with new conditions and adopt management strategies.Keywords:event tourism, perception, control management, covid-19, strategy, Bayingan

  Background and purpose: Water is the most vital resource for sustainable development and the most important environmental component that has a significant impact on the protection of nature. In connection with the crisis of water resources in Iran, the increase in population, unsustainable development and incorrect consumption of water resources are the most important factors causing the current situation. The standard of rainfall in Kermanshah province is much lower than 15 years ago and it is in an unfavorable situation from the environmental point of view. In this regard, the main goal of the upcoming research was to analyze the social responsibility of farmers in Bilwar Plain of Kermanshah. Among the factors on the basis of which this research was formed, the irresponsible behavior of farmers such as drilling unauthorized wells, excessive harvesting of water resources, and the use of flood irrigation in this region.Materials and methods: The current research was applied and carried out in a quantitative, descriptive-analytical way. The statistical population includes all the farmers of Bilvar plain of Kermanshah city with the number of 3500 people. Sampling by simple random method and according to Cochran's formula, 300 farmers were selected as the research sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information, and Cronbach's alpha for the studied variables was obtained in the range of 74% to 91%. The collected data were analyzed using   18, Excel2016 and Smart PLS software.Findings: The findings of descriptive statistics showed that farmers' social responsibility towards sustainable water consumption was at a low level (32.2%). Among the 4 dimensions of social responsibility, only the legal dimension was at a high level (34.2%). Also, the findings showed that Carroll's model has changed in the research area: legal, economic, moral and humanitarian responsibility. Also, among the research variables, education components, personal values, attitude at the middle level; The understanding of risk and social pressures was at a high level and the knowledge of farmers was at a low level. The results of the model fit from the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the research model measures farmers' social responsibility well. Also, the results of structural equation model fitting using Smart PLS software indicated that understanding (p-value = 0.000, ? = 0.754) had the most direct effect on social responsibility of farmers. However, personal values (p-value = 0.744, ? = 0.015) and attitude (p-value = 0.068, ? = -0.095) had no significant effect on farmers' social responsibility.Conclusion: In order to create a sustainable agricultural sector, governments should act at the farm (local), watershed (regional) and national levels to motivate farmers and remove policies that support excessive water use.

Abstract  Purpose: The Corona virus and its effects and consequences have engenderedmany challenges in the economic and livelihood situation of the people, andcountries have taken various measures and methods in order to prevent thefurther spread of this virus. These methods have caused the lack of timelysupply of rural products and marketing, lack of supply of fodders, changes inthe livelihood strategies of the villagers, etc., which has consequentlyaffected the economic and livelihood status of the villagers. Accordingly, themain purpose of the present research is evaluating the impact of the spread ofthe Covid-19 pandemic on the economy and livelihood of selected villages ofKermanshah province in order its effects on the supply chain ( fodders,marketing and sales) of the dominant products, the total or partial changes ofthe livelihood strategies and the income and employment of the investigatedvillagers be evaluated.Methodology: This is adevelopmental - functional and qualitative research. In order to conduct thisstudy a grounded theory method, library studies, unstructured interviews,subjective analysis and also snowball sampling were used.136 people consistingof a group of local officials (40 people) and  residents (96 people) were interviewed,  local officials' interviews were in the form of   the full enumeration and in-depth method forresidents.   Data collection continuesuntil the theoretical data saturation is reached so that the codes are completeand no new codes are obtained. The data were collected through semi-structuredinterviews and Maxqda software were used to manage and code the documents, andfinally data were analyzed.Findings: The findings of the study led tothe identification of 370 categories and 13 dir="LTR" >Conclusion: It can beconcluded from the analysis of the research findings that Corona by affectingthe economic and livelihood status of the villagers has finally caused adecline in their income, that planning and measure focusing on the effect   Identified can hel   improve the economic and livelihood situationof the villagers during the corona pandemic.  Keywords: supply chain, rural economy, marketing of agricultural products,rural employment, Covid-19.  

  Currently, the corona virus has spread all over the world and its dimensions have affected all sectors and economic activities. The agricultural sector has not been spared from this impact. They provide food for the country, so harm to these communities can seriously endanger food security. , Is phenomenological in terms of research method and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the present study consists of rural households in Miandarband district. Targeted sampling method and data collection method was focus group interview, observation and under special circumstances, telephone interview, a total of 17 households were interviewed. "Food security and the least impact on the" food preferences "dimension of food security. The results of the study can have benefits for rural health centers, jihad centers, aid organizations, and rural managers such as councils and villages.

   Abstract    Access to shared water resources, especially in the agricultural sector, has always been a source of conflict and tension. This conflict can be examined from various angles. Understanding the nature of local water conflict behaviors and factors affecting it, is one of the basic prerequisites for efficient management of water resources through conflict management. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the surface water conflict behaviors of farmers and the factors affecting this behavior. In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate water conflict behaviors among the agricultural surface users in the basinthe Nazlian diversion dam basin with New Ecological Paradigm (NEP). The statistical population of this study is 1388 agricultural surface water users which300 of them were selected as a sample and surveyed using a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using a panel of experts. The results of this study showed that attitudes, mental norms and perceived behavioral control affect the intention of conflict. Intention is the main predictor of conflict behavior and has a positive and significant relationship with conflict behavior. In addition, the results of this study confirmed the moderating role of environmental values ??in the formation of conflict behaviors. Based on the results of this study, suggestions were made to reduce conflict behavior among farmers. Keywords: Water Conflict, Planned Behavior Theory, New Ecological Paradigm, Farmers, Nazliani Deviation Dam.

   Abstract Objective: Plants of the Asteraceae family have a variety of species, sometimes as weeds and sometimes as crops and even medicinal plants. These plants are associated with many insects. For example, it has been observed that weevils of the genus Larinus, especially in the pastures of Kermanshah with the plants of the genus Echinops   . , Are related, due to the importance of sugarcane and our productive insect that has made this plant as a medicinal plant, so the present study aims to biology of Larinus weevils on sugarcane and also to identify its natural enemies in the province. Kermanshah is important. Research Methodology: During 1397 and 1398, some habitats of sugarcane that host Larinus weevils, including Mahidasht and stage intermediates, were sampled to collect Larinus weevils and its parasitoids. Thus, during the growing season, the mentioned habitats were referred to and Larinus weevils as well as its parasitized larvae were collected in the sugarcane plant. Regular sampling at 10-day intervals from early spring to late March was selected from three suitable locations and each site or block was divided into four replicates, the main stem sampling unit of a floor plant It was according to it. Each sampling unit was recorded under a stereomicroscope to evaluate the number of infections and to observe different ages of larvae and weevil eggs of our producer. Each sampling unit was recorded under a stereomicroscope to evaluate the number of infections and to observe different ages of larvae and weevil eggs of our producer. Results: In the present study, two weevil species Larinus hedenborgi and Larinus onopordi (Fabricius, 1787) were reported with Echinops. In this study, two types of parasitoid bees Torymoides kiesenwetteri and Bracon sp. is identified. After transferring the pupae and larvae of the bee Torymoides kiesenwetteri (formed inside the sugar beet), were reared in the laboratory. Statistics obtained from the regression relationship between the logarithm of variance and the mean population (Taylor's law) and the Iowa method showed that the coefficient of explanation of the regression equations in the Taylor method was higher than the Iowa method. Therefore, it can be said that Taylor coefficient was a good indicator for estimating both weevil distribution and parasitoid bee distribution. On the other hand, based on the present study, it was found that in both regions and in two consecutive years, the average temperature and humidity had effects on population changes at different stages of weevils and parasitoid bees. So that in 1397 and 1398, with changes in temperature and humidity at each sampling date on the majority of biological stages caused the population trend in all biological stages of insects to change. Conclusion: Finally, this study showed that Larinus hedenborgi was an abundant genus and species of weevil in Mahidasht and Mianrahan regions. There was a positive and significant correlation between the mean temperature fluctuations with humidity and the population of weevils and parasitoid bees studied in this study.    Keywords: Rangelands, Hard-winged, Host-specific, Monophage insects, Compositae, Kermanshah

  AbstractClimate change and increasing uncertainty aboutclimate change have seriously challenged the sustainable management of waterresources. There is no doubt that technical solutions are available andnecessary, but these solutions alone are not enough. Researchers believe thatthe key to solving water problems lies in water governance. The watershedcovered by springhead Harsin in Kermanshah province is one of the areas thatface problems of weakness and inefficiency in water governance. Therefore, inthis mixed research, an attempt has been made to evaluate the status of goodwater governance while examining the existing structures and relationshipsbetween water actors in this region. The participants in the study are theagricultural water elites of the region who were surveyed using the censusmethod. The data were analyzed using    and Nvivo software. The results ofthe study showed that water management in the watershed covered by springheadHersin faces many challenges in different dimensions. These challenges areparticularly related to the effectiveness of government activities at the basinscale, the efficiency of the existing statistics and information system andsustainable financial resources, and finally the lack of trust of farmers dueto lack of tra  arency in water decisions in the region. Finally, long-termstrategies based on these challenges were proposed. The main strategy is tocreate a strong catchment organization that can replace the water management ofHarsin city, which is responsible for holding the government in the region.  Keywords: goodgovernance, sustainable water management, agricultural surface water, Hersin springhead.AbstractClimate change and increasing uncertainty aboutclimate change have seriously challenged the sustainable management of waterresources. There is no doubt that technical solutions are available andnecessary, but these solutions alone are not enough. Researchers believe thatthe key to solving water problems lies in water governance. The watershedcovered by springhead Harsin in Kermanshah province is one of the areas thatface problems of weakness and inefficiency in water governance. Therefore, inthis mixed research, an attempt has been made to evaluate the status of goodwater governance while examining the existing structures and relationshipsbetween water actors in this region. The participants in the study are theagricultural water elites of the region who were surveyed using the censusmethod. The data were analyzed using    and Nvivo software. The results ofthe study showed that water management in the watershed covered by springheadHersin faces many challenges in different dimensions. These challenges areparticularly related to the effectiveness of government activities at the basinscale, the efficiency of the existing statistics and information system andsustainable financial resources, and finally the lack of trust of farmers dueto lack of tra  arency in water decisions in the region. Finally, long-termstrategies based on these challenges were proposed. The main strategy is tocreate a strong catchment organization that can replace the water management ofHarsin city, which is responsible for holding the government in the region.  

   Gavoshan Dam is one of the major government development projects in rural areas. According to the official reports, this project has been created with the aim of supplying water to the agricultural lands of Bilevar and Mian Darb plains, as well as the economic development of the covered areas. However, research has shown that more than three decades after the construction of the dam, the Gavoshan water resources management plan has faced several challenges, including stakeholder conflict. Past research, however, has often tried to assess the economic and environmental impacts of the dam with a positivist paradigm, ignoring the social context in which the dam is built. Therefore, in this research, this time, using the qualitative method and naturalistic paradigm, the social effects of the dam are examined as perceived by the stakeholders. The main emphasis in this qualitative assessment has been on the analysis of social contradictions (as an emerging challenge). Participants in the study positively assessed the effects of the dam on quality of life and improving their sense of place, and believe that the implementation of this project has led to a reduction in social capital and damage to natural resources. Then, the cases of conflict between stakeholders were examined, which led to the identification of various patterns of conflict between stakeholders. The analysis of these cases, emphasizing the conflict management style, showed that the regional water company and Jihad Keshavarzi, as government officials in the implementation of this plan, using a competitive style, try to force other stakeholders to withdraw from their interests. In a way that despite increasing the income of residents and improving various aspects of their quality of life, adverse social effects such as conflict and reduced social capital still plague the residents of the region. Therefore, water shortages or economic problems alone are not a good justification for implementing such projects. It is suggested that in the implementation of development interventions at the strategic level, all aspects of development, especially the social dimensions of the residents of the affected areas should be evaluated. It is better to do this evaluation in the pre-project stages because prevention is always better than treatment.

   Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the financial literacy of farmers in Mahidasht district in the academic year 1399. The approach of this research has been quantitative and descriptive-analytical in terms of applied purpose and in terms of achieving facts and data processing. The statistical population of this study consists of 202 farmers in Mahidasht district. The Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size. Sampling was performed using two-stage cluster random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 6 sections was used to collect data. In the first part, the individual and professional characteristics of farmers were examined. In the second part of the dimensions of farmers' literacy, In the third part, farmers' attitudes toward financial literacy, In the fourth section, farmers' behavior regarding financial literacy, In the fifth section, farmers' knowledge about financial literacy, In the sixth and final section, farmers' challenges to achieving financial literacy were examined. The content validity and reliability of the questionnaire were also confirmed by the professors of the Department of Agricultural Extension and Education of Razi University, and Cronbach's alpha test.    and Smart software were used to analyze the data. The results of data analysis showed that There is a significant relationship between personal characteristics and professions of farmers with their knowledge, attitude, behavior and financial literacy. In general, farmers' financial literacy is a function of their personal and professional characteristics, as well as their knowledge, attitude and financial behavior. Keywords: investment, Literacy,   financial literacy, Financial self-efficacy, Mahidasht,   agricultural development

Abstract In the present study, the future of digital marketing of agricultural products in the post-corona era has been studied and the general approach of the research was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in this study was selected from among the experts, stakeholders and producers, 29 people from different sectors of agriculture and after a semi-structured interview method and a questionnaire whose validity and reliability through a panel of experts and reading notes for participants It was confirmed, , Which was identified by content analysis technique, parameters and key factors affecting the future of digital marketing of agricultural products, all factors in the form of "themes" and the most important key factors were separated and identified and then in the form of fuzzy Delphi technique. The key factors are identified and in the next step by forming a matrix of interactions in the form of Mick Mac technique, the type of effect of each of the influential and influential factors is identified and finally by forming the second matrix of thematic experts' surveys and polls. Impacts of each situation on each factor on other factors and data entry in ScenarioWizard software, possible scenarios in the future of digital marketing of agricultural products in order to provide useful solutions for better development of digital marketing management of agricultural products and hope to get results In order to achieve a comprehensive plan for the development and promotion of digital marketing of agricultural products, Amdeh achieved both among the bodies in charge of the agricultural sector and among agricultural producers. .  

  چكيده مقدمه اصلاحات ارضي يكي از مهم ترين برنامه هايي بود كه در زمان محمدرضاه شاه به اجرا درآمد و به عنوان جامع ترين و جدي ترين اقدام حاكميتي در تاريخ كشاورزي ايران، آثار شگرفي بر مناسبات ارضي، ساختار زراعي و مورفولوژي روستايي داشت. در اين راستا پژوهش حاضر به واكاوي اثرات اصلاحات ارضي بر ساختار اجتماعي و مورفولوژي دهستان شيان پرداخته است. روش تحقيق تحقيق پيش رو از نظر هدف كاربردي است و روش تحقيق از نوع توصيفي- تحليلي و با رويكرد كيفي، به واكاوي اثرات اصلاحات ارضي بر ساختار اجتماعي و مورفولوژيكي در دهستان شيان پرداخته است. در اين پژوهش سه هدف دنبال شد. در هدف اول و دوم با استفاده از پارادايم كيفي و روش تحقيق توصيفي- تحليلي به واكاوي تأثيرات اصلاحات ارضي بر ساختار اجتماعي و مورفولوژي پرداخته شد. جامعه مورد مطالعه را مطلعين و افراد بالاي 50 سال، بخصوص كشاورزان كهنسال منطقه در بر مي گيرد كه شناخت كافي نسبت به اصلاحات ارضي داشتند. نمونه ها به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند و نمونه گيري تا زمان رسيدن به اشباع داده ها ادامه يافت. جمع آوري داده ها از طريق مصاحبه هاي عميق فردي و گفتگوهاي نيمه ساختارمند صورت گرفت. براي تجزيه و تحليل داده ها از مفاهيم استخراج شده از گرافها و متن مصاحبه ها، عكسها و تصاوير استفاده شد. در هدف سوم، بررسي پيامدهاي اجتماعي ايجاد شده در جريان اصلاحات ارضي در منطقه با استفاده از پارادايم كيفي و روش تحقيق توصيفي- تحليلي صورت گرفت. در اين هدف نيز جامعه مورد مطالعه را كشاورزان كهنسال منطقه، مطلعين و افراد بالاي 50 سال تشكيل دادند. نمونه گيري به صورت هدفمند انجام شد و جمع آوري دادها تا زماني كه داده هاي به دست آمده تكراري شدند انجام پذيرفت. براي تجزيه و تحليل داده ها از تكنيك تحليل محتواي ارتباطي با استفاده از روش مرسوم كدگذاري باز و محوري بهره گرفته شد. نتايج نتايج واكاوي اثرات اصلاحات ارضي بر ساختار اجتماعي در دهستان شيان نشان داد، كسب منزلت اجتماعي، استقلال، خوداتكايي و اعتماد به نفس، حذف روابط ارباب- رعيتي و رهايي از سلطه مالكان و زمينداران بزرگ از دستاوردهاي مثبت اصلاحات ارضي در منطقه بوده است كه همگي به دنبال مالكيت شخصي كشاورزان ايجاد شد. از سوي ديگر حذف قدرت مالكان و ايجاد خلاء مديريتي، از مهمترين پيامدهاي منفي اصلاحات ارضي است. در راستاي هدف دوم، نتايج اين تحقيق نشان داد كه اصلاحات ارضي، مورفولوژي روستا را هم به لحاظ مساكن و بافت روستا و هم به لحاظ مورفولوژي زراعي دگرگون ساخته است. استفاده از معماري شهري و مصالح غير بومي در بازسازي مساكن، باعث تغيير كاربري مساكن و از بين رفتن هويت اصيل سيماي روستا گرديد. به طوري كه بدون در نظر گرفتن شرايط محيطي روستا، كاركرد و ساختار مساكن كه بر اساس رويكرد توليدي بود دستخوش تغيير و تحول نمود. و روحيه مصرف گرايي و تجمل گرايي را در دهستان ترويج نمود. همچنين نتايج بررسي مورفولوژي زراعي در دهستان شيان نشان داد كه كوچك شدن واحدهاي كشت، از بين رفتن شيوه كشت تجاري تك محصولي و ايجاد تنوع كشت، باعث تغيير در الگوي كشت در اين دهستان گرديد. در هدف سوم، نتايج اين تحقيق نشان داد كه افزايش بيكاري، مهاجرت، خلاء مديريتي، تغيير در تنوع و گونه هاي كشت، ايجاد استقلال، افزايش امكانات رفاهي، كاهش بي سوادي، تشكيل شركت هاي تعاوني و افزايش سطح بهداشت از پيامدهاي اجتماعي اصلاحات ارضي در دهستان است كه هر كدام به نوبه خود تاثيرات مثبت و منفي زيادي در منطقه بر جاي گذاشته است. بحث مهم ترين علت عدم توفيق برنامه هاي اصلاحي و عمراني روستايي علاوه بر مديريت كارآمد، توجه نكردن به ظرفيتها و اسنعدادهاي هر منطقه و عدم تناسب برنامه ها با شرايط محيطي و اقليمي و بسترهاي فرهنگي هر روستاست. لذا در راستاي توسعه و عمران روستاها، توصيه مي شود برنامه ريزان و سياست گذاران برنامه هاي توسعه روستايي، قبل از طراحي و اجراي برنامه شرايط محيطي و ظرفيتهاي منطقه را مد نظر داشته و متناسب با آن برنامه هاي كاربردي و اختصاصي ارائه دهند و از پتانسيل هاي هر منطقه براي بهبود وضعيت روستاها بهره كافي گرفته شود. كلمات كليدي: اصلاحات ارضي، ساختار اجتماعي، مورفولوژي، دهستان شيان

The occurrence of climate change and its effects on the flow of surface water and groundwater resources along with improper management of water resources leads to increased vulnerability of communities to these changes. This has led to various strategies and strategies to reduce the effects of drought. Therefore, in addition to improving water resources management methods, improving the resilience of agroforestry systems has been proposed as a new and successful solution to reduce the harmful effects of drought. There are also many reasons that agroforestry systems can help farmers maintain their land productivity under changing climatic conditions, including drought, and observations of agricultural performance after severe weather events (storms). Droughts over the past two decades have shown that climate disaster resilience is closely linked to increasing biodiversity. One of the areas that needs further evaluation and study in terms of resilience of agroforestry system in the face of drought is Oramanat region. This study helps to evaluate the resilience of Oramanat region in the face of drought and its favorable situation, and finally the resilience in the region can be increased by using agroforestry activities. As mentioned, the quantitative-qualitative blending method will be used according to the research objectives and, if necessary, in steps. Keywords: agroforestry, oramanate, resilience, drought  

   Abstract Purpose: today, the importance of strategic products such as oilseeds and especially rapeseed, has increased the necessity of paying attention to the role of effective factors on the improvement of the production value chain of this product. Accordingly, the purpose of this study has been the analysis of the value chain of rapeseed production and providing solutions to improve it.    Research Methodology: This research is an applied type and it has been done   with a combined approach(qualitative-quantitative). The study community consists 15 key informants in qualitative part. Data collection method was in the form of semi-structured interviews. In the quantitative part, data were collected using a questionnaire tool using two methods of survey(farmers N=130) and census(experts N=25).    Findings: The findings of this study showed that currently the rapeseed production value chain in Biston district includes 9 loops including rapeseed farmers, shopping centers, service centers, research centers, banks, supply and distribution of inputs. Tra  ortation, and insurance companies and most of them have been in unsuitable condition.   The first and most important challenge of this chain in Biston distric has been the shortage of machinery, especially harvesters, and   traditional operating system dominance, weakness in technical knowledge has increased production costs and negative profit margins for the producer loop. And reduced productivity of the chain.   Conclusion: all the loops in the value chain of rapeseed production have not achieved the expected performance in the studied dimensions and the effectiveness of the governing department by creating protections and constraints in policies and planning and monitoring how the activities are done is quite obvious. Therefore, it is necessary for the government and government institutions at the top and all actors in the chain to take a systematic look to optimize their actions in the chain and solve problems in the region. One of the achievements of this study was the identification of dysfunctional, missing and extra loops in the rapeseed production value chain in Biston district, which has not been addressed before. Keywords: Agricultural Development, Value Chain, Supply Chain, Rapeseed, Biston district.            

Abstract This research is paradigmatic in the form of a mixed method consisting of qualitative and quantitative method and in terms of purpose in the field of applied research in the form of a survey strategy. The purpose of this study was to Analysis of the distinguishing factors of local Stakeholder responsibility in the management of Jobsorkh watershed located in Chardavol city. The statistical population of this study in a small part included all villagers (heads of households) in the sub-basin of Jobsorkh of Chardavol (N = 1968). To determine the sample size, Morgan table was used and the sample size was 320 people and was selected using stratified random sampling method with proportional assignment. Also, the study population in the qualitative section included experts from the General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Ilam Province and Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Chardavol city and local elites of the target villages. In this study, using in-depth interviews with analysis units, the initial indicators of responsibility were determined and used in quantitative terms. In a quantitative part, a questionnaire was used, the validity of which was confirmed using content validity and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha method (0.769 to 0.813). In this study, the field information obtained was analyzed using    software. The results of this study showed that 54.1% of the subjects had a high level of responsibility towards the implementation of watershed management projects in the study area. Also, 28.8% had moderate level of responsibility and 17.2% of the subjects had low level of responsibility. Also, the results of diagnostic analysis showed that the variables of attitude, participation and cooperation had the highest standard coefficient and this indicates the importance of these variables in predicting the responsible behavior of the subjects in the three >   Key words: accountability, participation, local community, watershed, Jobsorkh watershed      

  ReviewIn this descriptive survey, we tried to analyze urban agricultural mechanisms in primary schools of Kermanshah city. Three steps were designed to achieve the research objectives. In the first step, using quasi-experimental method and post-test pretest design with control group, the role of practical vegetable training in knowledge, attitude and skills of sixth grade elementary students in the academic year 2018-2019 was investigated. For this purpose, two groups of 55 students were studied using a researcher-made questionnaire. The results showed that after implementing practical vegetable training, there was a significant difference between the post-test and pre-test scores of the experimental group in terms of knowledge and attitude compared to the< control group (p In the next step, using descriptive phenomenology method, students' skills and practical experiences during the cultivation process were investigated. In this regard, purposive sampling method (N=30) data analysis using Colaysi method showed that students gained experiences such as conflict over product protection and providing facilities, learning with pleasure and competition during the cultivation process. In the last step, targeted field interviews were conducted with experts from the Education Organization, managers and parents. The results of data analysis using content analysis method showed that implementing farm school programs has advantages such as learning through practice, promoting agricultural jobs, learning with sheet pleasure, improving learning space, fostering students' creativity, increasing social capital, changing students' behavior, increasing valuation and promoting healthy eating culture, accelerating learning process, promoting urban agriculture, increasing parental interactions and students' income for school. In addition, the implementation of the farm school plan can be faced with challenges such as being costly and lack of credit, lack of necessary facilities in schools, need for specialized and skilled staff, time limits on cultivation and in schools, legal and administrative problems, opposing some parents with cultivation and work, resistance of the late educational staff against the complete implementation of the plan and negative attitude of the society towards agriculture.Keywords: Agricultural Development, Farm School, Urban Agriculture, Agriculture in Institutions, Elementary Students.

  Drought has numerous negative effects on the agricultural sector, and farmers, as the largest group of water consumers in the agricultural sector, are more exposed to the effects of drought. Therefore, in recent decades, various management strategies have been proposed to reduce the dimensions and effects of drought. One of the main strategies in the face of drought is the protection of water resources and in this regard, understanding the desire and behavior of farmers in the protection of water resources is one of the main components of demand management. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the structures affecting the water conservation behavior of farmers in the face of drought using conservation motivation theory. To achieve this goal, the specific objectives of analyzing the perception of farmers in the Mosian plain region of drought, explaining the pattern of water protection behavior of agricultural operators in the region, examining the factors affecting water protection behavior of agricultural operators and 4.69 and standard deviation = 0.54) and based on their experiences, surface water has decreased compared to the past (average = 4.67 and deviation). Criterion = 59/0).They also expect a quick solution for the region due to water conditions (mean = 4.56 and standard deviation = 0.77). The loss of blessings from the earth and the sky due to non-payment of zakat on agricultural products is also the most important memory of farmers in relation to drought (average = 3.80 and standard deviation = 1.09). According to the correlation coefficient test, the age and education of farmers have a significant relationship with their water conservation behaviors at the error level of one percent. There is also a significant difference in farmers' water conservation behaviors based on gender, marital status, participation in training 0.19, t = 3.77); The latent variable of perception of water crisis has a positive and significant effect on the level of error of one percent directly on water protection behavior among respondents (? = 0.41, t = 9.48); The latent variable of response effectiveness has a positive and significant effect on the level of one percent error indirectly on water protection behavior among respondents (? = 0.49, t = 10.92); And the latent variable of self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on the level of error of one percent indirectly on the behavior of water protection among respondents (? = 0.41, t = 8.46).However, the significant effect of perceived variables of perceived vulnerability (? = 0.11, t = 1.95) and response cost (? = 0.10, t = 1.90) on water protection behavior among respondents has not been confirmed.

  AbstractThe issues related to ownership and to bit lands, disputes created by land revoloutions are major challenges in agriculture section. Cadaster is a strategy that its use in Iran agriculture condition can be caused safe condition. On the other words, list ordered is associated to land parts that contain area, dimensions, application type, registration properties. Iran has not been paid much attentions cadaster up to 2014 years. Seemingly, cadaster plane has conducted from 2015 years in the country for imroving problems created on agriculture parts. For these reasons, cadaster has not still been evaluated. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the cadaster in Mahidasht townshi   in Kermanshah province. This study was conducted in qualitive form. The participants were ownerships and farmers in Mahidasht township, expertises in special section (companies conductor cadaster), in governmental section (Agriculture Jihad) and elites in agriculture section). To collect the data, semi-structured, group, observational and documental interviews were used. The results showed that the most important purpose for cadaster is to fix ownerships, and preparation of agriculture document. The most important disputes in Mahidasht was associated to heritance and application change. To obtain the purposes, not only private and governmental sections must be involved in conducting cadaster, but other people that benefite must be involved. It can be stated that cadaster is successive plane and can decreases disputes among farmers. The obatined results can have acheivements for Agriculture Jihad organization and the use of cadaster can be used for improving the purposes.   Cadaster can promte sustainable agriculture without the effect on disputes.Keywords: Cadaster, land cadaster,   roperty rights, land conflict, right to own land, land disputes, qualitive capability     

  هدف: آموزش عالي نيروي محركه و عامل پيشرفت هر جامعه­اي است. اعضاي هيات علمي دانشگاه­ها به عنوان افرادي كه مسئول تعليم و تربيت دانشجويان هستند، بايد نسبت به اخلاق حرفه­اي آگاهي داشته و با پايبندي به آن، سلامت فرآيند ياددهي – يادگيري را تضمين نمايند. عليرغم نقش بي بديل اعضاي هيات علمي در فرايند تعليم و تربيت در دانشگاه­ها و اهميت رعايت اخلاق از سوي آنها پژوهش­هاي چنداني در راستاي ساخت مدل­هاي مفهومي اخلاق حرفه­اي اعضاي هيات علمي انجام نشده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي اخلاق حرفه­اي اعضاي هيات علمي رشته هاي كشاورزي دانشگاه رازي از ديدگاه دانشجويان انجام شده است. روش‌شناسي پژوهش: رويكرد اين پژوهش، كمي بوده است. جامعه آماري شامل كليه دانشجويان (زن و مرد) رشته­هاي كشاورزي دانشگاه رازي (ترويج و آموزش كشاورزي، زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، گياهپزشكي، علوم دامي ، مهندسي آب، خاكشناسي، ماشين‌‌‌هاي كشاورزي و باغباني) بين مقاطع تحصيلي (كارشناسي، ارشد و دكترا) بود. تعداد دانشجويان رشته‌هاي كشاورزي دانشگاه رازي بالغ بر 1360 نفر بود كه از اين جامعه آماري، 302 دانشجو به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شده بودند. روش نمونه گيري طبقه­اي تصادفي بوده است. ابزار مورد استفاده در اين مطالعه شامل پرسشنامه محقق ساخته اخلاق حرفه­اي اعضاي هيات علمي دانشگاه و پرسشنامه جمعيت شناختي بوده است. ابعاد اخلاق حرفه­اي از تحقيقات پيشين گردآوري شده است. ابعاد پنج گانه اخلاق حرفه­اي اعضاي هيات علمي شامل: بعد آموزش، بعد پژوهش، بعد منش، بعد روابط انساني و بعد سازماني مي باشد. براي تجزيه و تحليل داده­ها در اين پژوهش، از نرم افزار   .22 استفاده شده است.يافته‌ها: نتايج پژوهش نشان داد كه ميانگين كلي ابعاد اخلاق حرفه­اي پايين تر از حد متوسط است. نظر دانشجويان نسبت به ابعاد اخلاق حرفه­اي يكسان نبود و اختلاف معنا داري بيان نظر دانشجويان وجود داشت. ميانگين ابعاد آموزش و روابط انساني به صورت جداگانه پايين تر از حد متوسط بود اما ميانگين ابعاد پژوهش، منش و سازماني بالاتر از حد متوسط بود. مقاطع تحصيلي، جنسيت، سن، گرايش رشته تحصيلي و وضعيت اشتغال در نظر دانشجويان نسبت به ابعاد اخلاق حرفه­اي اعضاي هيات علمي تاثيرگذار بودند اما محل سكونت، نوع پذيرش در دانشگاه، ميزان تحصيلات پدر و ميزان تحصيلات مادر تاثيري در نظر دانشجويان نسبت به ابعاد اخلاق حرفه­اي اعضاي هيات علمي نداشتند. نتيجه‌گيري: هرچند وضعيت اخلاق حرفه­اي اعضاي هيات علمي در سه بعد پژوهش، منش و سازماني بالاتر از حد متوسط بود ولي هنوز فاصله زيادي (بخصوص در دو بعد آموزش و روابط انساني) با وضعيت مطلوب دارد. متغير هاي دموگرافيك تاثير بسزايي بر ديدگاه دانشجويان نسبت به اخلاق حرفه­اي اعضاي هيات علمي دارند.كليد واژه­ها: آموزش عالي، اخلاق حرفه­اي، اعضاي هيات علمي

  AbstractSince the late 1980s, Micro financial institutions have been given special prominence as one of the most effective and efficient strategies for financial development or in developing countrie's development and the number of these institutions increased sharply. The history of micro-credit funds for rural women Iran goes to the year 1378 returns. Designing a micro credit Fund in Iran Using Grameen Bank Bangladesh Experiences "Pattern of   group savings and lending" as a successful model in rural community and after localization by experts of Research Center of Ministry of Jihad – e – agriculture, a pilot experiment was carrued out in two provinces in Mazandaran and kermanshah. After the success of the program implemented in Stelen   Mazandaran province, the socoal development approach has been expanded since the beginning of the year. From year 1380   the development of its expansion in the country took a social approach. Also fram about 87 year, Representation of the United Nations Office in Iran with the aim, Sustainable human development (Deprivation and job creation) transmitted and promoted suitable   in ternational development ideas and solutions. The goals of micro credit programs, increase the income of poor by creating self – employment, providing educational services for optimal use of resources and empowering rural women has been through job creation. Target groups include micro-credit, poor and low- income individuals and families, as well as rural women. However, the micro- credit fund for rural women in Iran has generally not been successful. Most of them have failed. The purpost of the present study is to analyze the factors driving the development of micro-credit women funds.The present study is descriptive analytical in terms of the nature of qualitative research and in terms of data collection. In terms of purpose as well in area is included in applied research. The samples were purposefully selected fram the members of rural women micro credit fund by snowball method. Data werw collected through semi- structured interviews, focus groups, direct observation, personal experiences, existing documents. Rliability and validity of information were abtained by triangulation technique in data collection and member control technique. Data analysis was performed using open, axial and selective coding steps. The findings of study indicate that exploring the role of developing rural women micro credit funds 20 lnitital topic in open coding these topics were categorized into 6 categories at the axial coding stage; deterrents36 primary issues identified in the open coding step and in the axial coding phase, the initial topics were grouped into 6 categorie   and finally at the selective coding stage in a model in the form of three time clusters include ed before the formation of clusters, it was categorize during and after the formation of the rural women micro credit fund. According to the results, the most important driving force prior to the establishment of the rural women micro credit fund was the investment of fund members. And the most important driving factor that was identified at both the time during and after the fund was formed, trust was among the members of the fund. Among the inhibitory factors extracted, the most important deterrent bfore the fund is formed, the issue was the absence of members in the meetings. the deterrent factor identified at the time the fund was formed was the amount of concessional facilitie and the deterrent factors that were extracted in the post- fund phase were the failure to repay the facilities by the rural wome's micro credit fund mersmbe.Key world

  Purpose: In order to preserve the diversity of tree species and ensure the continuity of the forest, it is necessary to protect and study microhabitats. For this purpose, in order to achieve conservation and management planning, determining the frequency and diversity of soil macrophauna among different microhabitats, and also identifying the microhabitat with the highest number and the most diverse soil macrophauna, is one of the main and important strategies in this direction.  Research Methodology: Sampling was dowith use from census network and on basis of regular random. In this research, was used from network of20meters × 20meters which were picked up apart at the intersection of the sides of the network in four plots of 5 meters × 5 meters. In order to evaluate the soil macrophaunabiodiversity, the frequency (total number of observed macrophauna perSample piece) and macrophauna biodiversity indices including uniformity (Evenness index), diversity (Shanoon index) and Richness (Menhinick index) were calculated by using Past 3.22 software. The statistical description of the data was carried out in order to obtain a summary of the statistical information of each feature, by using the    23 software.  Results: A stronger association was found between arthropods, beetles and spiders with other organisms throughout the habitat. Earthworms and millipedes were associated with the characteristics of the tree, while beetles, arthropods, and ants were associated with percent of floor covering. soil macrophauna correlation with Shanoon diversity index was stronger than the association of soil organisms with other macrophauna diversity indices. Also, the most diverse soil macrophauna related to the Quercus brantii- infectoria, Crataegus pontica and Quercus brantii microhabitats, and the least, was related to microhabitat of the open air. Among the biodiversity indices, the Menhinick richness index and Shanoon diversity index have shown a stronger relationship with the tree's characteristics,especiallyhave shown a stronger relationship withpercent of canopy, number of tree and tree height.Conclusion: abundance and biodiversity indexes of soil macrophauna are influenced by the type of microhabitat, therefore, it is different in the five types of microhabitats studied. Also, abundance and diversity of macrophauna has been associated with all the characteristics of trees, especially percent of canopy, In the whole forest, and has been associated with percent of floor covering in microhabitats, because in microhabitats, the abundance of beetles, spiders and ants is more than the earthworms and millipedes, which this arthropods with percent of floor coveringare connected.Key words: Biodiversity, Uniformity, Richness, Microhabitat, Macrophauna, Earthworm.

The aim of this study was to investigate the research ethics in academic research. To this end, we studied the agriculture faculty of Razi University by applying a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) approach. The quantitative portion of the statistical population of the research consists of master’s and PhD students of agriculture faculty and the qualitative portion consists of PhD students of the promotion department and professors of agriculture faculty. The research sample consists of 163 master’s and PhD students sampled by stratified random sampling for the quantitative part, and 15 professors and 10 PhD students of the promotion department sampled by targeted sampling for the qualitative part.Data collection for the quantitative part was done using questionnaires and by personal and distance interviews for the qualitative part. The validity of the research tool for the quantitative part was confirmed by the faculty board of the promotion and training department at Razi University and its reliability was confirmed using the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient.The triangulation method (using different views of professors of different agriculture fields to interpret data related to the research topic, self-review by the researcher during the process of data analysis and presenting all documents and notes after being analysed by the researcher of the research team) was used to test the validity and reliability of the qualitative part.   version 19 and smartPLS version 3 softwares were used as data analysis tools for the quantitative part and content analysis was used for the qualitative part.The results showed that among 10 behavioral components, data forgery, distortion of data, scientific theft and plagiarism were selected as the most common behavioral components of research misconduct in agriculture faculty.The results also showed that from the viewpoint of students, the agricultural students' behavior toward research misconduct were at a low level, intention and attitude were at low to moderate levels and subjective norms of perceived behavioral control were at moderate to high levels and the attitude had no effect on students’ intention for research misconduct.The results of the correlation analysis showed that based on the students’ age there is a statistically significant difference between the mean score of the subjective norms variable of students of agriculture faculty.Also, there was a statiscally significant difference between the mean scores of the variable of students’ attitudes toward research misconduct on the basis of the study field of students in agriculture faculty that was less than 0/47.Keywords: Research Misconduct, Academic Research

  Abstract Climate change is one of the most important factors that can have a significant effect on natural, social and economic resources. Today, these changes have become a concrete and objective phenomenon all over the globe and there is less point in the world that can not experience these changes. Mahedasht district in Kermanshah province has been experiencing severe fluctuations in recent years due to the fact that the livelihood of people is the agricultural area and during the years when the region has been affected by climate change, farmers have suffered a lot of damage. It is necessary to consider the livelihood of farmers in the area with great attention. The general objective of this research is to evaluate the livelihood resilience of farmers in Mahidasht district against climate change and fluctuations. Achieving the overall research objective requires the following specific objectives: 1. An analysis of the constructive dimensions of livelihood resiliaion of farmers in Mahidasht 2. Prioritizing the Dimensions of Productive Livelihoods of Farmers in Mahidshat 3. Investigating the factors affecting the constructive dimensions of livelihoods of arable farmers in Mahidasht district 4. Measuring the level of livelihood resiliance of farmers in Mahidasht This is an applied study and the research paradigm is descriptive and quantitative. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to survey the validity of the questionnaire. The validity of this study was carried out by the professors of the Agricultural extension and education department of Razi University of Kermanshah. The reliability of different parts was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test And the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.85, 0.91 and 0.6. The statistical population of Mahidshast rural farmers is sampling. The sampling method is simple random sampling. The total population of the population is 2800 farmers. Based on the Morgan table, the sample population is 331 people. The data analysis tool was    software. Assessing the level of livelihood hedge of arable farmers in Mahdasht has determined a moderate level of resilience of about 53% for the aforementioned owners. Comparison of male and female resiliency showed that men had a higher level of resilience than women, and the comparison of married and single married women showed a higher salary for married women.    Correlation between different aspects of survival alleviation showed that the highest correlation between resilience with the dimension of impulsivity and the least correlation with residual self-organizing dimension was. key words: Resilience - Climate change - Climate fluctuations – Vulnerability

چكيدهرشد روزافزون جمعيت جهان، دستيابي همه افراد به تغذيه كافي و مطلوب را دچار مشكل ساخته است. موضوع كمبود مواد پروتئيني در اغلب كشورها، اهميت توليد و مصرف حبوبات را، مورد تأكيد قرارمي­دهد. افزون بر آن، حبوبات در تقويت حاصلخيزي خاك، تأمين علوفه دام و ايجاد پوشش گياهي مناسب و جلوگيري از فرسايش خاك نيز در ايران، موثراست (حسيني،   2008). نخود از نظر سطح زيركشت در بين حبوبات مقام اول را دارد كه بطور عمده بصورت ديم در غرب وشمال­غرب كشور كشت مي‌شود. نخود در عمده مناطق ايران بطور معمول در فصل بهار كشت مي­گردد. محققان معتقدند، انجام كشت پاييزه نخود بهتر از كشت مرسوم بهاره است و عملكرد محصول را افزايش مي­دهد. زيرا در كشت پاييزه مزاياي متعددي از بهره­مندي از نزولات آسماني پاييز و زمستان، ماشيني­كردن توليد، مقابله با خشكسالي، كاهش هزينه و افزايش توليد و درآمد وجود دارد. بنابراين اقداماتي از جمله، شناسايي و معرفي ارقام نخود پاييزه، طراحي و عرضه ماشين آلات وتجهيزات مورد نياز، انجام فعاليت­هاي تبليغي و ترويجي، واگذاري يارانه وتسهيلات كم­بهره، و ترويج فرهنگ مصرف نخود، توسط دستگاه­هاي زيربط از جمله سازمان جهاد كشاورزي استان كرمانشاه و مديريت جهاد كشاورزي روانسر، انجام شد. شواهد نشان مي­دهد پس از گذشت بيش از يك دهه از معرفي زراعت نخود پاييزه در بين كشاورزان روانسر و با وصف تلاش­هاي صورت گرفته در نشر، پذيرش و توسعه زراعت نخود پاييزه توفيق چنداني حاصل نشده­  hy; است بطوري­كه سالانه كمتر از 20 درصد از سطوح زراعت نخود ديم شهرستان روانسر، بصورت پاييزه اجرا مي­گردد. به نظر ميرسد پذيرش و توسعه زراعت نخود پاييزه از سوي كشاورزان روانسر از جنبه­هاي متعدد اقتصادي، اجتماعي، زراعي و زيست محيطي، حائز اهميت باشد. بنابراين بررسي و شناسايي عوامل موثر بر پذيرش اين محصول در ميان كشاورزان روانسراحساس ميگردد. بنابراين تحقيق حاضر، از نظر ماهيت از نوع پژوهش‌هاي كمي- كيفي، با غالبيت كمي و از لحاظ اهداف از نوع كاربردي مد نظر قرار گرفت. جامعه آماري تحقيق در بخش كمّي شامل 170 نفر از نخودكاران شهرستان روانسر مي­باشند، كه در سال زراعي 1396-1395 در دهستان‌هاي بدر و حسن‌آباد حداقل براي دومين بار، اقدام به زراعت نخود پاييزه نموده­اند. در اين مرحله محقق با ارائه آمار توصيفي و با استفاده از مدل پذيرش راجرز (1995) به تحليل پذيرش زراعت نخود پاييزه در شهرستان روانسر مي­پردازد. به عبارت ديگر، ويژگي­هاي پنج­گانه نوآوري راجرز (مزيت نسبي، پيچيدگي، سازگاري، مشاهده­پذيري و آزمون­پذيري) در فرايند پذيرش و انتخاب زراعت نخود پاييزه توسط نخودكاران روانسر، مورد تحليل و تبيين قرار گرفت. در ادامه به منظور اطمينان و اعتبار بخشي به يافته­هاي كمي از روش كيفي، با بهره­گيري از تكنيك مطالعه موردي استفاده شد. نتايج فاز كمي تحقيق نشان داد، از نظر نخودكاران پاييزه روانسر زراعت نخود پاييزه داراي ويژگي­هاي نوآورانه تئوري راجرز مي­باشد و اين ويژگي­ها نقش موثري در پذيرش اين زراعت داشته است. در اين ميان بيشترين نقش به ترتيب مربوط به ويژگي مشاهده­پذيري، آزمون­پذيري، سازگاري، مزيت نسبي و پيچيدگي است. يافته­هاي فاز كيفي تحقيق، بطور عميق نقش و تاثير خصوصيات پنجگانه نوآوري راجرز را در پذيرش زراعت نخود پاييزه   را نشان داد و به نتايج فاز كمي اعتبار بخشيد. بطور كلي نتايج تحقيق مؤيد نقش تاثير گذار ويژگي­هاي نوآورانه زراعت نخود پاييزه در پذيرش اين زراعت مي­باشد بطوري­كه نخودكاران پاييزه ابتدا متكي به مشاهدات عيني خود از منافع زراعت نخود پاييزه هستند. سپس ترجيح مي­دهند در صورت امكان، آنرا آزمون و امتحان نمايند و چنانچه با شرايط آنان سازگاري داشته و از مزيت نسبي برخوردار بود، اين زراعت را پذيرفته و در جهت كاهش پيچيدگي آن تلاش مي­نمايند. به عبارت ديگر ويژگي­هاي مشاهده­پذيري و آزمون­پذيري در پذيرش اوليه و ابتدايي زراعت نخود پاييزه نقش بسزايي دارد و ويژگي­هاي سازگاري، مزيت نسبي و پيچيدگي در تداوم و پذيرش نهايي مؤثرتر هستند.

  Over the past few decades, the concept of cross-border agricultural production has emerged as a new form of exploitation systems. Trans-Asian agriculture means the production of basic agricultural inputs and products by one country in other countries and the transfer of inputs and products to the domestic market in order to respond to domestic demand (Khalidi et al., 2014). According to research carried out over the last few years, many measures have been taken in this regard in Iran, in which, according to Article A, a regulation passed by the government on 25/5/95 deals with cross-border agricultural issues Is. Since then, states have entered into agrarian agreements with other countries, including Brazil, Kyrgyzstan, Vietnam, Uruguay, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Russia and Ghana. Most of these contracts are between 25 and 49 years old and now more than 2.5 million hectares of land are proposed for over-the-border cultivation, which is being negotiated with the respective countries.Aims: The general objective of this study is to analyze the strategic cross-country agricultural policy in Iran.Research method: The present study is qualitative research in terms of paradigm and is applicable in terms of purpose. Technique and data collection tool: Deep interviews will be semi-structured until we continue the interviews to achieve theoretical saturation. Validity and reliability of research will be achieved through the triangulation method (trinity). The overall basis for analyzing and reporting the findings will be the SWOT matrix. The community studied will be specialists, experts, investors, investor and host parties, and a targeted targeted sampling method for typical cases and snowball.Keywords: Cross-Country Agriculture, Strategic Model SWOT, Basic Theory, ODM Model, Iran

  The research was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of informal vocational training of wheat farming in the province of Kermanshah. The study population of this study is trained farmers in the field of wheat farming in Kermanshah province, which was trained in the field of wheat cultivation in 1395-1393. They are unaware of wheat farming. This research was carried out using qualitative method. For sampling and collecting data, a semi-structured interview was used. In this regard, 22 of the participants in the dir="RTL">  

  The use of academic research results over the last few centuries has provided the underlying foundation for advancement and development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers to the application of academic research by students and to provide guidelines for applying academic research on the campus of agriculture and natural resources of Razi University with a quantitative and qualitative combination approach. The study population was in the qualitative section including faculty members of Agricultural Campus, Agricultural Jihad Experts and Agricultural Research Center of Kermanshah. The data collection tool was semi-structured interview in qualitative method. The statistical population of the study in the quantitative section included graduate students (N = 360). 202 students were selected using Cochran formula and stratified sampling was used for sampling. The results of the qualitative section data showed that the barriers to the non-application of academic research to the two general categories are factors outside the university based on the economic, social, cultural and macroeconomic structures of the country and the Ministry of Science, and the second group is the factors of the university. Which includes manpower, equipment and facilities, university environment and education. The findings of the quantitative section showed that students were not at the desired level in terms of individual characteristics, literacy and faculty and, on the other hand, students acknowledged that the economic, social, educational, and structural factors were as high as 75% in the non-application of research Have a role. Given the identification of barriers to the application of research, suggestions and strategies have been presented by the studied community and the researcher.

  Chickpea is one of the most important legumes in the west of the country. In order to study the root development and yield of chickpea varieties in different cultivars, field and field experiments were conducted at Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering of Razi University. A field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications and a pot experiment in a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with three replications in the years 1394-1393. In the field and pot experiment, seven genotypes of chickpea (Arman, Azad, Philip55-98, Adil, Native Kishcheh, Hashem and ILC 482) were planted in three planting dates, 20/8/1394, 20/9/1394 and 12/1394. Reviewed. The traits were studied in field experiment including grain yield, harvest index, biological yield, plant height, remobilization, shoot re-transfer ratio and stem efficiency in remobilization. In the pot experiment, traits such as root dry weight, root to shoot ratio, root length, total root length, root volume and root density were investigated. The results showed that Hashem cultivar and K???e native genotype had the highest amount of grain yield traits, remobilization of stored photosynthetic materials into seeds. In terms of planting date, the best date of cultivation was on the date of 20/8/94 or the same date of the first cultivar, the highest grain yield in the pea plant was realized on this date. The statistical results obtained from field experiment confirm that Hashem and Karehcheh cultivars had the highest amount in terms of the amount and ratio of remobilization of photosynthetic materials stored in the stem in the formation of grain yield.In the pot experiment, Arman and native cultivars of Kearcheh on April 20, 1994 had the highest root length, root volume, root dry weight, root to shoot ratio and root density. It seems that all traits related to root of chickpea are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, to promote and increase drought tolerance in chickpea, finding genotypes with a strong and effective root system is a priority

  In recent years, farmers in Mahidasht district of the city have leased their agricultural land, This has led to problems such as excessive use of water and the risk of water resources, the use of inappropriate poisons and soil contamination, and in the future, not too long-term pollution of groundwater, Rising unemployment and increasing immigration from village to city. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate the causes and consequences of renting out in the Mahesht area.In this study, Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) technique was used to investigate the reasons for the development of the rental phenomenon in the region and The event analysis technique (ETA) was used to examine the consequences of extending this exploitation system. The research data were collected through a non-structured, in-depth individual interview, focused groups, group discussions with 32 individuals from the Mahidasht waveguide in Kermanshah province and direct observations.The results showed that the main reasons for creating incentives among farmers are mostly organizational, economic, An individual is a social and environmental climate. Reasons include the adoption of inappropriate agricultural policies, the lack of proper government support from farmers, lack of capital and enough money to supply equipment and inputs, Lack of skills for performing lucrative cultivations, not stocking and storage, lack of cooperation and trust among indigenous people, high aged farmer The small size of households and ... has led landowners to lease their lands to non-indigenous people, mainly from Isfahan, Hamedan and Lorestan.This study, by identifying the causes and consequences of expanding the rental system and providing practical solutions, could lead to achievements for rural development officials in the province. By adopting measures such as promotion training to owners and introducing new cultivation practices, financing and facilitating loan conditions, creating appropriate insurance, establishing a mutually acceptable relationship between the university and agricultural jihad with farmers and gaining their trust Providing amenities and health services for the villagers, the owners to stay in the village and the occupation of agriculture.

   In the present study Investigating   measure the rural social welfare Mansour aghaei District of   Ravansar Township was Shahu section. the general approach of present study mixed (qualitative-Quantitative). The   statistic society of the study acolyte and management expert organizations in the field of social welfare and the District rurals formed Mansour aghaei. The qualitative, the purposive sampling method, 10 samples, and the Quantitative, simple random sampling, 189 rurals were selected as sample. In the qualitative information collected through Delphi technique and Quantitative was done through a questionnaire. In the qualitative method to evaluate the reliability and validity of the "triangle of Research Team" and "review experts" were used. Validity of the Quantitative by the faculty members promoting the education of Agriculture Razi University accredited and its reliability using Cronbachs alpha coefficient was confirmed. In the qualitative content analysis and quantitative analysis tools software was   16. The results showed that job satisfaction indices, cohesion and social participation and life satisfaction in first ranks set rural social welfare indices and indices of income and job security were the last ranks. The results of correlation analysis showed a significant positive relation between age, education and income with social welfare, which distributes each of these variables by increasing the amount of rural social welfare increases.  

ارزيابي عملكرد شركت هاي خدمات بيمه اي كشاورزي در استان كرمانشاه  

   Agriculture teachers participate in various work and life roles, which can create challenges when trying to balance the pressures and responsibilities associated with each role. When one is unable to balance and prioritize between roles, both satisfaction and professional commitment may be reduced. The purpose of this study was to describe Tehran agriculture teachers’ job satisfaction, professional commitment, and perceived ability to balance work and life roles. Additionally, this study sought to describe the influence of ability to balance work and life roles, on job satisfaction, and professional commitment.   The study population consisted of agricultural teachers at Teahran Province (N=170) and samples were selected through stratified sampling technique (n=108). Job Satisfaction Questionnaire and commitment Minnesota Blau professional career commitment questionnaires were used for data collection. Based on the findings, ability to balance work, and job satisfaction of teachers was low and the professional commitment was high. Regression analysis revealed that work-life balance with individual variables, family and professional showed that the flexibility in the final hours and start work, take time off for family emergencies and events, bachelors wife, a role ambiguity, having a second job and have fewer children than the two on the balance between work and life impact. Correlation analysis of work-life balance and job satisfaction and professional commitment concluded that the work-life balance is a significant relationship with job satisfaction and professional commitment. In order to investigate the effect of the components work-life balance, job satisfaction and professional commitment of multiple regression were used. According to the results, it was found that the total components work-life balance, job satisfaction and be able to explain 38 percent of variation of 42 percent of changes in Tehrans commitment agricultural instructors were professional. Keywords  Work-life balance, job satisfaction, professional commitment, agricultural teachers