This study investigated the effects of pretreatment with the hydroalcoholic extract of Tribulus terrestris seeds on the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (IL-1? and TNF-?) and the activity of hepatic enzymes (AST and ALT) in hepatocytes isolated from chicken liver under oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. Hepatocytes were isolated from the livers of 2–3-week-old Leghorn chicks and cultured in DMEM medium. Oxidative stress was induced using 200 ?M hydrogen peroxide for 6 hours, and cells were subsequently treated with T. terrestris extract at a concentration of 80 ?g/mL for 24 hours.The activities of AST and ALT in the culture supernatant were determined spectrophotometrically, while the expression levels of IL-1? and TNF-? genes were measured using Real-Time PCR. The results showed that hydrogen peroxide significantly increased AST activity from 73 ± 1.3 to 147 ± 2.9 U/L and ALT activity from 38 ± 1.5 to 54 ± 1.8 U/L. Pretreatment with T. terrestris extract significantly reduced AST and ALT activities to 79 ± 3.5 and 41 ± 2 U/L, respectively. Moreover, the expression levels of IL-1? and TNF-? returned to 1.2- and 2-fold of the basal level, respectively. These findings indicate that the hydroalcoholic extract of Tribulus terrestris exerts strong protective effects against oxidative damage in avian hepatocytes by inhibiting inflammatory pathways and reducing hepatic enzyme leakage.

   This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing part of corn with oat (regular and autoclaved) and supplementing diets with the active dry yeast Saccharomyces boulardii on the productive performance, egg quality, and blood biochemical parameters of laying hens. A total of 192 Lohmann LSL-Lite hens, 36 weeks of age, were used in a completely randomized design with six dietary treatments and eight replicates, each containing three birds. Although the experimental period was originally planned for ten weeks, due to war-related constraints and management limitations, data collection was completed after six weeks. The experimental treatments included: (1) a basal diet without oat and without yeast (control), (2) basal diet with yeast, (3) diet with regular oat without yeast, (4) diet with regular oat and yeast, (5) diet with autoclaved oat without yeast, and (6) diet with autoclaved oat and yeast. In the oat-containing diets, 22% of the corn (on a dry matter basis) was replaced by oat. The yeast product used was S. boulardii (Parsylact Co., Iran) containing a minimum concentration of 3×10¹? CFU/g. Results showed that dietary inclusion of autoclaved oat and yeast significantly (P<0.05) improved egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio compared to the control group. The highest production rate and the best feed efficiency were observed in hens fed diets containing autoclaved oat combined with yeast. Egg internal quality indices, including Haugh unit and albumen height, were significantly improved by these treatments, while eggshell thickness and egg weight were not affected. Moreover, hens receiving autoclaved oat and yeast exhibited lower serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared with the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, replacing 22% of corn with autoclaved oat, along with supplementation of Saccharomyces boulardii

  This study wasconducted as 2x4 factorial experiment with the aim of investigating the effect of adding chicory root powder,artichoke leaf and stem powder,and Bacillus subtilis bacteria to the basal diet of laying hens on production performance,egg quality traits,egg cholesterol levels,some blood serum parameters,and intestinal histomorphology at the end of the production phase. 336 Lohmann LSL Lite laying hens at the age of 77 weeks were distributed in 8 treatments with 7 replications and six birds in each replication and fed with experimental diets for 98 days. The control group (without additives) had lower egg production,egg mass,villus height,crypt depth,and serum uric acid,total cholesterol,HDL and LDL,and higher feed conversion ratio,cracked eggs,unmarketable eggs,and yolk cholesterol concentration compared to all experimental groups. The effect of the simultaneous presence of all three factors as feed additives on egg production,cracked eggs,unmarketable eggs,mortality,yolk ratio,albumin ratio,yolk to albumin ratio,shell ratio,crypt depth,and villus height was significant. The group that was fed the basal diet with chicory root powder alone had the highest levels of serum uric acid,total cholesterol,total protein,and LDL compared to the other experimental groups.The group that was fed the basal diet with the simultaneous presence of all three factors had the highest levels of serum triglycerides and HDL. Adding chicory root powder with Bacillus subtilis bacteria or adding artichoke leaf and stem powder with Bacillus subtilis bacteria to the basal diet of laying hens had a significant effect on villus width. The group that was fed the basal diet with artichoke leaf and stem powder alone had the highest villus height and crypt depth,and the group that was fed the basal diet and Bacillus subtilis alone had the highest villus width and villus height to crypt depth ratio. The presence or absence of experimental factors alone or together as additive to the basal diet had no statistically significant effect on egg weight produced,shell less eggs,small eggs,body weight change,egg shape index,Haugh units,yolk index,yolk weight,albumin weight,yolk height,albumin height,shell thickness,shell weight,breaking strength,egg specific gravity,and serum parameters including uric acid,triglycerides,total protein,blood glucose,total cholesterol,HDL,and LDL.

   The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of alternatives of growth promotors   on the performance and intestine morphology of broiler chickens.A total of 480   one-day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308 strain) with the same average weight were used in a completely randomized design with 8 treatments, 6 replicates and 10 chick   per replicate. Experimental treatments including 1)negative   control (without additives), 2) positive controlbacitracin (antibiotic), 3) acidifier Parsid Plus in the amount of 1.5 g per Kg of feed, 4) acidifier Parsid Plus in the amount of 3 g per Kg of feed, 5) Novi Herb Plus in the amount of 0.75   grams per kg of feed, 6) Novi Herb Plus in the amount of 1/5   g per kg of feed, 7) Novi Herbin the amount of 750 grams per kg of feed, and 8) Novi Herb in the amount of 1.5 g per kg of feed. The results showed that in the first week of rearing, the birds that received the treatments containing Parasid Plus (3 g/kg) and New Herb and New Herb Plus had less feed consumption compared to the control group (P<0.01), In the entire rearing period (1-42 days), the addition of the antibiotic Bacitracin, New Herb (0.75 g/kg) and New Herb Plus (0.75 g/kg) led to a significant decrease in feed consumption (0.05 >P), other experimental treatments had no significant effect. Examining the body weight gain data showed that the use mode additives did not cause a significant change in body weight in the first week and the initial period. In the whole period (1-42 days), the treatment of 1.5 g/kg of new herb significantly increased the weight gain compared to the control and positive control (antibiotic) (P < 0.01). In the entire rearing period (1-42 days), the addition of New Herb and New Herb Plus at the level of 0.75 g/kg led to a significant improvement in the food conversion ratio compared to the negative control group (without addition) (P<0.05). The evaluation of the height of the jejunum villi showed that the addition of 1.5 g/kg New Herb Plus, 0.75 and 1.5 g/kg New Herb to the diet significantly increased the villus height compared to the negative and positive control (>0.05). ) The ratio of villus length to crypt depth in chickens fed with levels of 0.75 and 1.5 g/kg New Herb or New Herb Plus increased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05). In general, the results of this experiment showed that the addition of Parsid Plus compound (butyric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, acetic acid and citric acid) along with their salts along with cinnamon essential oil) did not have a significant effect on the functional and morphological parameters of the intestine, But New Herb compounds (containing essential oils of oregano, thyme, zenyan in nanoencapsulated form) and New Herb Plus (containing microcapsulated essential oils (zenyan, thyme, peppermint), prebiotics (lactose + yeast cell wall), organic acids ( lactic acid and formic acid) and some plant compounds including turmeric powder, garlic and cinnamon) can improve the height of the villus and the ratio of villus elevation to the depth of the crypt. be effective on the growth and improvement of the food conversion factor.

   This research was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotics B. subtilis, B. coagulans, S. cerevisiae, and whey powder on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of egg, blood parameters, and histomorphological characteristics of ileum in Lohmann LSL-lite laying hens in two experiments. In both experiments, there were six repetitions and there were 6 birds in each repetition, for 12 weeks. The first experiment was conducted with 288 Lohmann laying hens. The experimental diets consisted of a basal corn-soybean meal, the factors examined in this research were: B. subtilis 109 CFU at the rate of one gram/kg, whey powder at the rate of one gram/kg, and S. cerevisiae at the rate of 3 grams/kg. The control group received a standard diet without any additives. The other groups received a standard diet with B. subtilis, WP, S. cerevisiae, or a combination of them. No synergistic effect was found between WP, B. subtilis, and S. cerevisiae in studied parameters other than malondialdehyde level. The triple interaction effects of whey powder, S. cerevisiae, and B. subtilis in the diet reduced the amount of malondialdehyde compared to the group that received whey powder or B. subtilis alone or a mixture of them (P < 0.05). In the birds receiving whey powder, the length of villus (ileum) increased significantly compared to the control group, as well as the egg weight and specific gravity increased significantly compared to the control group.In the birds receiving Bacillus subtilis, the length and width of the villus (ileum) increased significantly compared to the control group, and the calcium, total protein and TAC levels in the serum increased significantly compared to the control group. Egg weight (at week 81-86) was improved in the group that received S. cerevisiae compared to the control. The birds that received whey powder and B. subtilis simultaneously tended to increase the length of the villi compared to the control group. A synergistic effect on egg weight and mass, and an improvement in their serum calcium levels was observed. In the second experiment, 144 Lohmann laying hens were used. The birds were fed a basal diet (control, CON), the basal diet supplemented with 1 g/kg WP, 1 g/kg B. coagulans (4*106 CFU) probiotic, and 1 g/kg WP plus 1 g/kg B. coagulans probiotic. Hens fed B. coagulans exhibited greater villi width and yolk color than Hens not fed it, however, their shell thickness and percentage of shell decreased. Birds receiving whey powder and B. coagulans had a significant synergistic effect on performance (egg production and mass). They also showed a tendency to decrease FCR. In light of these results, the simultaneous use of the these factors investigated in this experiment has no harmful effects on production performance, egg quality, and blood parameters in Lohmann's laying hens.

of 5% were strongly, positively and significantly  

  The purpose of this

® contain amino form of chromium, selenium, zinc, manganese, copper, iron and cobalt) supplementation on production performance and egg quality of laying hens. One hundred and eighty LSL-Lite laying hens (30 weeks of age) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments with six replicates and six birds in each replicate. Treatments consisted of a basal diet supplemented with inorganic trace minerals (control), and four others experimental diets containing 1.25, 2.50, 3.75, and 5.00 gr/kg of HeptaMix®. Egg production, egg weight, feed intake, egg mass and feed conversion ratio were recorded weekly. Egg mass was calculated by multiplying the total number of eggs laid per hens by the average egg weight. A sample of two eggs per replicatio  at the end of every 28 day laying cycle was used to determine internal and external egg qualities.  The data were analyzed using the general linear model procedure of the SAS (2003). The Duncan multiple range test was used to determine the significant differences between treatment means. The results showed that feeding HeptaMix® did not affect the feed intake, egg production, FCR, egg weight and egg mass (P>0.05).   Shape index, yolk color and egg specific gravity were not affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05). Albumen height and haugh unit was decreased in the treatments receiving HeptaMix® than the control group (P<0.05). Yolk weight was increased and albumen weight was decreased in the treatments receiving HeptaMix® (P<0.05). Supplementation of 3.75 and 5.00 gr/kg HeptaMix® to diet significantly increased the shell weight and shell thickness (P<0.05). The current findings provided support for the advantages of feeding 3.75 or 5.00 gr/kg HeptaMix®

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplemental nutrition on organic and vitamin A in corn and soy based diets on production performance and quality characteristics of laying hens. For this purpose, 360 commercial laying hens of Bones strain at the age of 60 weeks were used. Production and functional traits such as feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg production percentage, egg mass and average egg weight (g) In the middle of the period, the end of the period and the whole period of the experimental design were analyzed. Specific weight, egg shape index, shell weight and shell thickness were measured. The data obtained were analyzed using GMP statistical software in a completely randomized factorial design that included 12 treatments and 5 repetition and 6 observations per repetition. Based on the results, the percentage of egg production at the levels of interaction of zinc and vitamin A in the first month, the second month and the whole period were significant (P?0.05), but egg mass among the experimental treatments in the first month, the second month and the whole period was not different from each other (P?0.05). The interaction of different levels of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on yolk weight and shell weight was significant, so that treatments containing 8000 units of vitamin A with levels of 60, 90 or 120 mg / kg of organic zinc supplementation had a higher yolk weight than control and the treatment containing 8000 units of vitamin A and 120 mg / kg zinc (treatment 9) had higher shell weight (P 05 0.05). Significant changes were observed in the intraction levels of zinc and vitamin A in yolk (P?0.05). And treatments 4, 7 and 12 had the better yolk color. Levels of 90 and 120 mg of zinc compared to the level of 60 mg reduced feed consumption and improved the feed conversion ratio (P? 0.05). Different treatments had significant effects on egg shell thickness and egg weight (P <0.05). The results of this study showed that the use of zinc supplementation in the diet of laying hens at the levels of 90 and 120 mg of zinc and vitamin A at the level of 16000 units can have positive effects on their performance and egg production.   

اين ازمايش به منظور ارزيابي تأثير كمپلكس آلي روي، منگنز، آهن، مس، كروم و كبالت بر عملكردتوليدي وفرآسنجه­هاي خوني جوجه­هاي گوشتي در يك دوره 42 روزه انجام شد.آزمايش در قالب طرح كاملا ًتصادفي با 3 تيمار و 6   تكرار و 12 پرنده در هر واحد آزمايشي طراحي و اجرا شد. تيمارهاي آزمايشي عبارتنداز: تيمار اول: گروه كنترل (بدون افزودن مكمل، تيمار شاهد)، تيمار دوم: افزودن كمپلكس آلي به مقدار 1گرم در كيلوگرم، تيمار سوم: افزودن كمپلكس آلي به مقدار 5/1گرم در كيلوگرم. نتايج نشان داد كه افزودن كمپلكس آليبر عملكرد (خوراك مصرفي، افزايش وزن روزانه و ضريب تبديل خوراك) جوجه­هاي گوشتي در سه دوره استارتر(1-10)، رشد (24-11) و پاياني (42-25) روزگي از لحاظ آماري تأثير معني­داري نداشته است (05/0<P). تاثير تيمارهاي آزمايشي در بين فرآسنجه­هاي خوني بر كلسترول و آلكالين فسفاتاز معني­دار شدند (05/0>P). ضمن اينكه غلظت گلوكز و تري­گليسريد نيز تمايل به معني­داري داشتند. غلظت كلسترول وآلكالين فسفاتاز، در تيمار حاوي كمپلكس آلي به مقدار 1 گرم در كيلوگرم با گروه كنترل اختلاف معني­داري داشت، بنابراين تيمار كمپلكس آلي به مقدار 1 گرم در كيلوگرم باعث كاهش معني­دارغلظت كلسترول وآلكالين فسفاتاز در مقايسه با گروه كنترل شد. تاثير تيمارهاي آزمايشي بر قابليت هضم مواد معدني آهن، مس، منگنز، روي، كبالت و كروم نشان داد كه بر آهن، منگنز، كبالت و كروم تاثير معني­داري داشت (05/0>P). نتايج نشان داد كه تيمارهاي حاوي كمپلكس آلي به مقدار 1 گرم در كيلوگرم و كمپلكس آلي به مقدار 5/1گرم در كيلوگرم باعث كاهش معني­دار قابليت هضم آهن و كبالت در مقايسه با گروه كنترل شد. در حاليكه تيمار متعلق به كمپلكس آلي به مقدار 1 گرم در كيلوگرم بر قابليت هضم منگنز با گروه كنترل تفاوت معني­داري داشت. علاوه بر اين، تيمار كمپلكس آلي به مقدار 5/1گرم در كيلوگرم بر قابليت هضم كروم با گروه كنترل اختلاف معني­داري داشت و باعث افزايش قابليت هضم كروم در مقايسه با گروه كنترل شد. اين پژوهش نشان داد كه استفاده از كمپلكس آلي بر افزايش وزن بدن، مصرف خوراك و ضريب تبديل خوراك تاثير معني­داري نداشت. اما باعث كاهش سطح كلسترول و آلكالين فسفاتاز و همچنين كاهش قابليت هضم آهن و كبالت و منگنز شد، و باعث افزايش قابليت هضم كروم شد.   

  مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسي تاثير استفادهاز پودر لارو سوسك زرد آرد Tenebrio molitor، غني شده با مخمرو يا باكتري درجيره­ي غذاييمرغ‌هاي تخم­گذار بهعنوان جايگزين بخشي از ذرت و سويا، بر عملكرد و صفات كيفي تخم‌مرغ انجام شد. دراين آزمايش از 180 قطعه مرغ تخم­گذار نژاد لوهمن سفيد Lohmann LSL-Lite در سن 68 هفته­اي با 5 تيمار و 6 تكرار و هر تكرار حاوي 6 مرغبه مدت 8 هفته انجام شد. تيمارهاي آزمايشي شامل 1) سطح صفر درصد پودر ميلورم به عنوانتيمار شاهد 2) جيره حاوي دو درصد ميلورم 3) جيره­هاي حاوي دو درصد ميلورم به همراهباكتري 4) دو درصد ميلورم به همراه مخمر 5) دو درصد ميلورم به همراه باكتري و مخمرغني سازي شدند.

(P?0.05).