چغندرقند يكي از محصولات مهم زراعي صنعتي است كه در جايگاه دومين منبع بزرگ توليد شكر در جهان قرار دارد. بيماري سفيدك پودري چغندرقند يكي از بيماري‌هاي مهم قارچي اين محصول در سراسر دنيا است كه در ايران نيز در در تمامي مناطق كشت چغندر قند وجود دارد. بهره‌گيري از ارقام مقاوم بهترين رويكرد مديريتي براي مهار اين بيماري محسوب مي‌شود. از اين رو، در اين مطالعه، تعدادي از ارقام اميدبخش چغندرقند با هدف دست‌يابي به رقم مقاوم مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفتند. در اين پژوهش، مواد گياهي شامل 17 رقم به نام‌هاي اكباتان، پايا، آريا، شكوفا، مطهر،آرتا، دنا، سينا، آسيا، كيميا، نيكا، تارا، هما، حسنا، پالما، مودكس و BTS 335 به همراه ژنوتيپ حساس 191، در قالب طرح بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي با سه تكرار در شرايط مزرعه مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفتند. هر كرت آزمايشي شامل چهار رديف كشت به طول دو متر و فاصله 50 سانتي‌متر بود. دو رديف وسط كرت به ژنوتيپ مورد ارزيابي، اختصاص داده شد و در رديف‌هاي كناري در تمامي كرت‎هاي آزمايشي شاهد حساس 191 به منظور توزيع يكنواخت آلودگي كاشته شد. مزرعه آزمايشي هر دو روز يك بار مورد بازديد قرار گرفته و پس از ظهور اولين علائم آلودگي، ميزان آلودگي هر هفته يك‌بار مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفت. ارزيابي مقاومت، بر اساس سه شاخص رخداد و شدت بيماري در آخرين يادداشت برداري، سطح زير منحني پيشرفت بيماري و تعداد كنيديوم توليد شده در واحد سطح صورت گرفت. در اين ارزيابي رقم مودكس با اختلاف معني‌دار نسبت به تمامي ژنوتيپ‌هاي ارزيابي شده،   در هر سه روش ارزيابي به عنوان رقم مقاوم شناخته شد. بنابراين، اين رقم در صورت برخورداري از صفات زراعي و عملكرد مطلوب مي‌تواند براي كشت توصيه شود يا به عنوان منبع مقاومت در برنامه‌هاي به‌نژادي مورد استفاده قرار گيرد.   

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   Abstract Introduction: Development activities impose risks on the environment, and the dimensions of these potential risks vary depending on the nature of the project and environmental sensitivities. Brick kilns have a high impact potential. Therefore, by assessing the environment and providing an appropriate management plan, the potential negative impacts arising from them can be reduced as much as possible and the affected environment can be improved. Accordingly, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the sustainable management of lands covered by brick kilns in three areas: land degradation, land use change, and land cover, in Godin Rural District, Kangavar County. Methodology: To achieve the research objectives, an integrated (qualitative-quantitative) approach was used. A qualitative method (phenomenology) was used to identify the threats of brick kilns and the lived experiences of residents of target villages of brick kilns, and to identify and prioritize the necessary solutions for sustainable management of lands covered by brick kilns in Godin Rural District, Kangavar County (Delphi and Analytic Hierarchy Process). The study population of the study was residents of target villages of brick kilns, brick kiln workers, kiln owners, and experts and specialists in this field, and 14 people were selected as samples based on the criterion-based sampling method. The data collection tool was semi-structured individual in-depth interviews and field notes, and the interviews continued until data saturation was reached. Content analysis and the seven-step Claise model were used to analyze the data, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and in the (  ) (Expert Choice) software environment. Results: Based on the research results, in relation to the threats posed by brick kilns, three thematic categories were identified: A. Land use change (land removal from the production cycle, creation of water storage ponds, damage and destruction of secondary roads, and desertification), B. Vegetation change (reduction of fertile soil for plant growth, reduction of plant growth and drying, reduction of fodder required by livestock, reduction of plant photosynthesis, and reduction in the quantity and quality of plant products), and C. Land degradation (severe soil erosion, landslides, and soil impoverishment) was identified, and in relation to the lived experiences of participants from brick kilns, five clusters were identified: 1. Disease (lung problems, spinal problems, and boredom and depression), 2. Expansion of social connections (connections with different ethnic groups and greater connection with the people of the village), 3. Economic benefit (reduction of unemployment, income generation, and job creation), 4. Conflict of interest (conflict with kiln owners and conflict with organizations), and 5. Hard work (hard and exhausting work, becoming addicted due to hard work, and not continuing education due to exhausting work). Also, the use of government facilities and support in the field of accelerating the provision of infrastructure facilities for the creation of agricultural projects such as greenhouses, the correct implementation of agricultural land use conservation laws regarding the activity of brick kilns, and the use of deterrents in the field of preventing further destruction and informing the villagers about the environmental risks of brick kilns were, respectively, the most important or, in other words, the most appropriate solutions for the sustainable management of lands covered by brick kilns in Godin Rural District, Kangavar County. Discussion and Conclusion:

   Introduction and statement of the problem: The problem of food waste is one of the main challenges in the world.   According to reports, in different countries, a significant amount of food that is produced and consumed at home is wasted due to improper consumption and storage practices.   Meanwhile, rural women play an important role in managing food resources at home.   As the managers of the house and food resources, they influence in reducing or increasing the food waste of households.   Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the responsible behavior of women in the village of Dalaho towards reducing household food waste.   Materials and methods: The current research is based on quantitative-qualitative paradigm.   The research sample in the quantitative part includes 190 female households of Dalhousie city, who were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method.   Quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire, the validity of which was prepared with the opinion of experts, and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's test.   The sample of the qualitative section was also selected from among the women of the Dalhouh city using a clear sampling method, and the data was collected through interviews, and after 15 interviews, theoretical saturation was achieved.   Data analysis of the qualitative part was done through content analysis and theme analysis and using the traditional open, central and selective coding method.   At first, in the first objective, qualitative method was used to identify examples of responsible behavior of women in Dalaho city towards reducing household food waste.   In the second objective, the amount of responsible behavior of village women towards the reduction of household food waste was investigated using a quantitative method.   that the data collected by means of descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (T and F test and determining the relationship between independent and dependent variable, Spearman's correlation and then step-by-step regression)   ) and was analyzed using    statistical software.   Finally, the third objective was to identify the reasons affecting the responsible behavior of rural women towards reducing household food waste at each stage using a qualitative method.   Findings and conclusions:

Abstract Considering the importance of fodder beet in supplying fodder and its high adaptability to adverse environmental conditions, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the age and number of leaves of fodder beet tra  lant in the greenhouse and Research farm of Razi University's Faculty of Agriculture. The experimental design used in this research was complete randomized blocks with three replications and 10 treatments. In this research, the effect of tra  lant age (one month, 45 days, and two months) and the number of tra  lant leaves (not removing leaves, removing half leaves, and removing all leaves) were investigated. Leaves were removed before tra  lanting to the field and preserving the crown and bud of the tra  lant. Thus, the treatments include direct seed cultivation, 30-day tra  lant without leaf removal, 30-day tra  lant with half of the leaves removed, 30-day tra  lant with all leaves removed, 45-day tra  lant without leaf removal, 45-day tra  lant with half of the leaves removed, the leaves were 45-day tra  lant with the removal of all leaves, 60-day tra  lant without removal of leaves, 60-day tra  lant with the removal of half of the leaves and 60-day tra  lant with the removal of all leaves. After the tra  lants reached the desired age, all the treatments were transferred to the main field simultaneously and on the same date. The results of the analysis of variance showed that survival percentage, the relative amount of leaf water loss, relative leaf water content, SPD, stomatal conductance, specific weight of leaves, number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight of leaves, and aerial parts, diameter and length Root, crown length, fresh and dry weight of root, root yield, gross income, net income, and benefit-cost ratio were significant. The 45-day tra  lant with removing all leaves was superior to other treatments regarding SPD and stomatal conductance. The results of the research showed no statistical difference between the treatments of two-month and 45-day tra  lants, except for the complete removal of leaves, although the highest value was related to the 45-day tra  lant with half of the leaves removed. The highest gross income and profit-cost ratio was related to the 45-day tra  lant with half of the leaves removed. However, the 45-day tra  lant with no leaf removal and half-leaf removal and the two-month tra  lant with no leaf removal, half-leaf removal, and whole-leaf removal showed the highest net income. Considering that the 45-day planting date and removing half of the leaves had the greatest effect on root yield and income, the simultaneous use of these two methods can play a significant role in increasing early harvest and fodder beet root yield. Keywords: Direct cultivation, Fodder beet, Planting date, Removal of tra  lant leaves, Tra  lantation   

   Abstract The present quantitative study aimed to analyze and examine the relationship between mental behavior indicators and environmental behavior of beekeepers using the hybrid TPB-MPI model. The statistical population of the research consisted of 180 beekeepers from Javanrud County, all of whom were studied using a census sampling method. The data collection tool was a three-part researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed by expert professors, and reliability was verified through Cronbach's alpha test. To investigate the causal relationships among the variables, structural equation modeling was employed using PLS software. The results indicated that there was no significant relationship between attitude and intention toward environmentally friendly behavior among beekeepers (p=0.318, t=0.998), intention and mental processing indicators (p=0.124, t=1.538), environmentally friendly behavior and mental processing indicators (p=0.137, t=1.00), and subjective norms and intention toward environmentally friendly behavior (p=0.51, t=0.658). Hence, the null hypothesis remains valid. The findings also showed significant relationships between the variables of intention and environmentally friendly behavior (p=0.016, t=2.40), attitude and mental processing indicators (p=0.018, t=2.36), perceived behavioral control and mental processing indicators (p=0.000, t=3.39), subjective norms and mental processing indicators (p=0.001, t=3.28), perceived behavioral control and environmentally friendly behavior (p=0.000, t=3.36), and environmentally friendly behavior and perceived behavioral control (p=0.017, t=2.38).    Keywords: Mental behavior, mental processing indicators, subjective indicators, Hermann model, environmental behavior, beekeepers   

در ميان انرژي­هاي تجديدپذير، انرژي بادي به­خاطر عدم آلايندگي محيط­زيست و شرايط اقتصادي بهتر، امروزه بيشتر مورد توجه واقع ‌شده است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر، مدل­سازي يك سيستم بادي در كارخانه توليد روغن زيتون واقع در استان گيلان، به‌منظور تأمين انرژي از ديدگاه ارزيابي چرخه زندگي(Life cycle assessment)   مي‌باشد. در اين مطالعه با توجه به مقدار بالاي كشت زيتون و توليد روغن آن در منطقه، براي تعيين انرژي مصرفي در فرآيند توليد روغن زيتون؛ ابتدا اطلاعات لازم شامل مراحل توليد و تمامي نهاده­ها و انرژي­هاي مختلف بكار رفته در توليد روغن زيتون از كارخانه مورد مطالعه جمع­آوري گرديد و مقادير انرژي ورودي شاخص­هاي انرژي مصرفي محاسبه شد. سپس با توجه به سوخت و الكتريسيته مورد نياز براي توليد روغن زيتون در سامانه مرسوم، سامانه بادي مبتني بر نيروگاه منجيل مدل­سازي شد. در گام بعد با استفاده از روش ارزيابي چرخه زندگي ReCiPe2016، پس از تعيين مرز سامانه و واحد عملكردي براي كارخانه مذكور و تحليل سياهه توسط داده‌هاي جمع‌آوري‌شده و نيز اندازه­گيري پايگاه‌هاي داده به‌طور جامع براي هر دو سناريو پرداخته شد. نتايج برآن بود كل انرژي مصرفي27/4437 مگاژول است كه الكتريسيته با سهم 44/32 درصد انرژي برترين در ميان نهاده­ها براي توليد محصول مي­باشد. نتايج شاخص‌هاي انرژي نيز بيانگر آن بود كه بهره­وري انرژي 23/0 كيلوگرم بر مگاژول و انرژي ويژه 44/4 مگاژول بر كيلوگرم مي‌باشد. نتايج مدل­سازي سامانه‌ي بادي نيز نشان داد به‌طور متوسط تعداد 6-10×01/2 براي سامانه بادي جهت توليد برق با توجه به اقليم و شرايط آب و هوايي مورد نياز براي 1 تن روغن زيتون حاصل گرديد. ارزيابي چرخه زندگي محصول نشان داد در تمامي رده­هاي آسيب، سامانه بادي كمترين مقدار انتشارات را به خود اختصاص داده است. همچنين در دو سامانه مرسوم و بادي، پلي اتيلن ترفتالات بالاترين سهم را در انتشارات رده­هاي آسيب در توليد محصول دارا مي‌باشد. همچنين نتايج نشان داد در مجموع مقادير كل انتشارات سامانه مرسوم، بيشترين ميزان انتشار را به خود اختصاص داده است.     

In the climatic zoning of the world, Iran isconsidered one of the dry and semi-arid regio The information ofmeteorological systems as well as the forecasts made of the country's climatestate, like in other parts of the world, indicate the occurrence of climatechange inrecent decades and the continuation of this trendin the future. Climate change is one of the most serious threats to ensure foodsecurity and sustainable development of agriculture. "Smart climateagriculture" has been proposed as a new approach to deal with the negativeeffects of this phenomenon at the international level since the last decade.Kermanshah province is considered the 9th climate vulnerable province where theeffects of climate change are clearly visible (Mohammadkhani and Jamali, 2014).Although, according to the statistics of the World Food Organization, sugarbeet as one of the most important agricultural and strategic products has animportant contribution to the food basket of Iranian households (Ababai, 2012).Therefore, in the present study, the aforementioned measures were investigatedamong the beet growers of Kangavar city, Kermanshah province. The researchmethod is qualitative-descriptive. Data analysis was done with    software.The mentioned measures have been collected separately in three dimensions ofproductivity, compatibility and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Finally,it was found that the beet farmers take more measures in line with the climatechange, which lead to an increase in yield and increase in productivity.  

  Wheat is a strategic crop; therefore, its storage, especially in storage, encounters particular importance. The khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Evert (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), is a crucial polyphagous pest that causes irreversible damage, especially to wheat. Biological pest control agents that can be established in warehouse conditions are essential from the point of view of healthy food production. The predatory mite Celacaropsis sp. was reported first from the Entomology lab of the Razi University of Iran in 2019; for this reason, there was little information about it. Therefore, this research was aimed to precisely evaluate the morphology of different stages, prey preference, and age stage two-sex life table of the mentioned mite on two prey species, T. granarium, and the mill moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), for introducing an easy and affordable method for the mass rearing of the predator. Accordingly, it was determined that the number of mite stages is sex-dependent. Females had five stages (egg, larvae, protonymph, deutonymph, and adult), and males lacking deutonymph had four stages. Moreover, male adults had morphological dimorphism. No-choice test showed the predatory mite prefers egg to larval instars. In this condition, the predator consumed, on average, 5.9 eggs of the khapra beetle and 3.5 eggs of the mill moth during the 24-hour test, while it did not show any desire to feed on four- and five-year-old larvae and pupae. The egg of both prey species was the most preferred stage for the predator in the way that the prey preference index values (Manley's ?) were obtained at 0.76 and 0.47, respectively. In choosing between the eggs of both prey species, the predator preferred the egg of the khapra beetle to the egg of the mill moth. The life table study of predatory mite on eggs of both species showed that the percentage of pre-adult survival rate and the mean fecundity were higher in T. granarium than E. kuehniella. On the contrary, the mean of the adult pre-oviposition period was more in the mill moth treatment than in another treatment. Also, females constituted only 28% of the adult mites that had fed on E. kuehniella, while they accounted for 65% of the population in the opposite treatment. Feeding on the khapra beetle egg increased the mean of all population parameters compared with providing on the mill moth's egg and, on the contrary, decreased the mean generation time. The ratio of intrinsic mean increase (r) in T. granarium to E. kuehniella as the most critical population parameter was 3.32. This research showed that the khapra beetle egg is a desirable prey for the predatory Celacaropsis sp. and has the potential for use in the mass rearing of this mite. However, before making a definite recommendation, more studies are needed. Key words: The predatory mite, Cheyletidae, Trogoderma granarium, Ephestia kuehniella, preferred prey, two-sex life table

   One of the most important topics in mycological sciences is the topic of identifying nonedible mushrooms and identifying them from edible mushrooms. Today, the number of people who get poisoned by consuming nonedible mushrooms is increasing. As a result, the detection and separation of edible mushrooms from nonedible ones is of great importance. Considering the research in this field and the need to perform high-cost and somewhat inaccessible tests such as GC, methods should be sought. It was an alternative to these tests. The method of artificial intelligence and electronic nose is a non-destructive and accessible method with a much lower cost compared to GC. In fact, the purpose of this experiment is to study an olfactory system to distinguish edible mushrooms from poisonous mushrooms based on electronic nose technology and to help maintain health and treat diseases and reduce poisoning caused by poisonous mushrooms. Therefore, in this research, an olfactory system was used to detect and identify edible and nonedible mushrooms. ANN methods, PCA principal component analysis, LDA linear discriminant analysis, QDA 2nd degree linear discriminant analysis and SVM support vector machine were used to analyze the data obtained from the olfactory system. The classification of the data obtained from the signals obtained from the sensor array showed that the LDA, QDA and ANN methods have a very good performance in separating mushrooms based on their edible and nonedible nature and high accuracy in classification. Obtained. The use of QDA method to separate and classify different types of edible and nonedible mushrooms was more effective and accurate than LDA method.

production of oilseeds in Iran provides only 10% of the country's oil consumption, while the country's climatic conditions have a high potential for the self-sufficient production of these seeds. Among the oilseeds, canola is a plant with a high percentage of vegetable oil (40-45%). Indeed, overcoming the obstacles of its production can lead to decreasing canola imports. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the obstacles to the development of canola cultivation in the central part of Khorramabad city. This qualitative study can be considered practical research since it provides useful information to improve canola cultivation. The study population was farmers in the central part of Khorram Abad, which were selected using a purposeful sampling method (15 individuals). The results revealed that the obstacles to the development of canola cultivation in the research area can be considered into five categories, including economic obstacles, lack of government support, climate, sales and marketing, and obstacles caused by the physiological nature of the canola. The highest number of obstacles identified in this research is in the category of economic matters, which include: the high cost of bed preparation, the high costs of fighting weeds, the low relative advantage compared to other products in the region, and the high cost of canola cultivation. Considering the significant overlap of the findings of this research with other related studies in the country, our suggestion for activists and also for future researchers, is that allocate their time and efforts to answer this question: Why are these barriers not being solved?

  AbstractIntroduction:Today, tourism festivals and events are one of the most growing sectors ofrural tourism in Kermanshah province. Local managers ofdifferent villages in Bayingan district organize various tourism events basedon their cultural and economic characteristics. Amongthese diverse forms of tourism is event tourism. In recent years, with the increase of natural and humancrises and the speed of their spread to the ends of the world, and due to theincreasing intertwining of economy, culture and human societies, tourismdestinations have faced problems in planning, management and control. Investigating the effects of covid-19 in terms ofhelping to control and manage it in the field of event tourism is an inevitableand fundamental thing, which requires knowing the region's experiences oftourism target events, the problems caused by the covid-19 crisis, and thenecessity of adopting crisis management and providing strategies management ofthe target areas.Research method: Inthe present study, using a qualitative approach and content analysis with adirectional approach, due to predetermined categorization based on Taylor'sperceptometric model, semi-structured interviews were conducted with localresidents, local officials, tourists and local entrepreneurs in the fields ofDifferent types of tourism in Bayingan region were targeted Andthen, in order to analyze them, Claizi's seven-stage model was used. Then, thechallenges and problems that the Covid-19epidemic has placed on tourism in the region were identified. Finally,in order to formulate strategies for the management of the covid-19epidemic on tourism events in the target areas, using a qualitative paradigm toanalyze the crisis management of event-oriented tourism in the conditions ofthe covid-19 epidemic based on thecrisis management framework of Murphy et al. (2008)using content analysis in software MAX-QDA was used.Findings:Based on the results of content analysis, 70 key codes and concepts in sevencategories under the title of Pomegranate Festival, Agar Festival, NowruzFestival, Chele Festival, Religious Holidays, Baby Festival, ThanksgivingFestival in four categories of experiences, definitions, memories. andexpectations, it was identified that after the Covid-19 crisis, they were facedwith major challenges such as reduced sales of products, lack of acceptance oftourism events, lack of motivation and lack of interest in communicating, whichrequired the adoption of a crisis management approach in the three areas ofgoals, strategy and action. They were in three stages before the crisis, duringthe crisis and after the crisis. Based on thefindings, in the post-crisis phase, the goal of prevention and its strategiesis preparation and empowerment; During the crisis stage, the goal of managingthe impact of the crisis and its strategies, reactive measures and reducing theharmful effects of the crisis, and in the post-crisis stage, the goal ofrevitalizing and promoting tourism-related businesses and appropriatestrategies for recovery and revision, increasing the resilience of businessesand businesses It was related to tourism.Discussion and conclusion: Bayingan district with its cultural, social, naturalfeatures and unique traditional and historical events is one of the targetareas of Iranian tourism, which has not been exempted from the effects of theCovid-19 epidemic. Therefore, investigating the effects of Covid-19 in terms ofhelping to control and manage it in the field of event tourism and applyingmanagement strategies is inevitable and essential. Therefore, taking intoaccount that with the occurrence of any crisis, changes and transformationsoccur, so for survival, it is necessary for businesses to advance theiractivities in accordance with new conditions and adopt management strategies.Keywords:event tourism, perception, control management, covid-19, strategy, Bayingan

  Abstract Forest ecosystems, as a large part of renewable natural resources, in addition to being national capital, play an essential role as the foundation of economic and social development. In recent decades, problems related to forest fires have increased. The bad condition of the fire and its consequences indicate the need to solve it. The current research has used the basic theory approach with the aim of providing a model of the fire phenomenon in the forests of Chavar city. The research community includes key informants in the beneficiary communities, including experts from the natural resources and water management departments of Ilam and Chavar cities, trained forces of the protection unit of the General Directorate of Natural Resources and Water Management of Ilam province and Ilam and Chavar cities, local communities of Bankhshak and Ganjvan villages, and active semens. They were in the field of forest management and protection at the level of this city. The participants were selected by purposeful sampling and snowball approach. Deep interview (individual and group discussion) was the data collection tool. The result of applying the foundational theory was a conceptual model that showed human, cooperative, managerial and motivational factors as causal conditions, cultural-social, economic and natural factors as background conditions and legal-policy-making, educational-informational, supervisory and infrastructural factors. As intervening conditions, they have caused the occurrence of fires in the forests of Chavar city. The findings showed that appropriate legislation and supervision, promoting the culture of natural resources, educational-promotional, managerial, cooperative strategies and economic measures were the most important strategies to deal with the studied phenomenon. Finally, the social, economic and environmental consequences were raised as consequences of the implementation of strategies.

  Among the pests that cause the most damage toedible button mushrooms, the mushroom-eating mosquito Lycoriella auripila (Winnertz), from the order of Diptera, can be mentioned, which is considered one of the most important and damaging pests of edible mushrooms. Considering the resistance of L. auripila mosquito to common pesticides, it is necessary to find new effective insecticides to control this pest. In this study, the sensitivity of whole insects of fungus gnats to the organic insecticides Bino1 and Tendaxir was evaluated separately and in combination. Biometric experiments in this research were carried out in Petri dishes covered with soil. LC10, LC50 and LC90 for Binu 1 insecticide after 48 hours were calculated as 0.605, 75.37 and 9391.12 ppm, respectively, and also the required concentration of Tendaxir insecticide to reach 50 The percentage of losses in 24 and 48 hours was 2762.097 and 237.73 ppm respectively (according to the effective substance). According to the results of mixing two pesticides for sub-lethal and lethal concentrations after 24 hours, it was observed that among the different ratios, the ratio of 6:4 (Tendaxir: Binu 1) was the best mixing ratio of two pesticides, and considering that the synergistic rate (R ) for its LC90 concentration was equal to 109.035 and also its mixing index (CI) was equal to 0.009, it was found that this ratio of mixing two pesticides after 24 hours had the most synergistic effect in controlling Lycoriella auripila

   in recent years , sustainable development of the agricultural sector has attracted the attention of many researchers and planners. However , poor management and resource constraints , sometimes due to conflicting goals of agricultural stakeholders , have made it difficult to achieve this . This has increased the need for optimal use of resources In recent years , in the field of crop production optimization , various methods have been used for production planning. one of the most preferred methods is fuzzy Goal planning. in this method, despite the lack of access to resources and certain information, it is possible to achieve optimal solution with the highest accuracy. The main purpose of this study is to optimize crop production by simultaneously considering the ideals of increasing profits , minimizing water consumption , fertilizers and chemical toxins and increasing yield in the sahneh plain . the above research has been studied in the field of 7 scenarios with centrality of the above objectives for 7 decision variables. The statistical population includes all deep and semi-deep well beneficiaries registered in Kermanshah Regional Water Company (421 Exploiter). The sample volume was determined using the cochran formula (201 Exploiter). after gathering data through questionnaire, by using fuzzy Goal planning program , the ideal equation for each cause is determined. In order to solve the optimization equation, Gams software has been used. The results show that the above ideal can be achieved if   Wheat cultivation area to 66.55ha, Sugar beet to 126.65 ha, Alfalfa to 369.9 ha, Coriander to 43.69. Corn to 4.9, Sunflower to 10.22 and rice 8.54 ha. Also, according to the results obtained, among the above products, Sunflower has the highest and corn has the lowest rate of achieving the Goal

  AbstractClimate change and increasing uncertainty aboutclimate change have seriously challenged the sustainable management of waterresources. There is no doubt that technical solutions are available andnecessary, but these solutions alone are not enough. Researchers believe thatthe key to solving water problems lies in water governance. The watershedcovered by springhead Harsin in Kermanshah province is one of the areas thatface problems of weakness and inefficiency in water governance. Therefore, inthis mixed research, an attempt has been made to evaluate the status of goodwater governance while examining the existing structures and relationshipsbetween water actors in this region. The participants in the study are theagricultural water elites of the region who were surveyed using the censusmethod. The data were analyzed using    and Nvivo software. The results ofthe study showed that water management in the watershed covered by springheadHersin faces many challenges in different dimensions. These challenges areparticularly related to the effectiveness of government activities at the basinscale, the efficiency of the existing statistics and information system andsustainable financial resources, and finally the lack of trust of farmers dueto lack of tra  arency in water decisions in the region. Finally, long-termstrategies based on these challenges were proposed. The main strategy is tocreate a strong catchment organization that can replace the water management ofHarsin city, which is responsible for holding the government in the region.  Keywords: goodgovernance, sustainable water management, agricultural surface water, Hersin springhead.AbstractClimate change and increasing uncertainty aboutclimate change have seriously challenged the sustainable management of waterresources. There is no doubt that technical solutions are available andnecessary, but these solutions alone are not enough. Researchers believe thatthe key to solving water problems lies in water governance. The watershedcovered by springhead Harsin in Kermanshah province is one of the areas thatface problems of weakness and inefficiency in water governance. Therefore, inthis mixed research, an attempt has been made to evaluate the status of goodwater governance while examining the existing structures and relationshipsbetween water actors in this region. The participants in the study are theagricultural water elites of the region who were surveyed using the censusmethod. The data were analyzed using    and Nvivo software. The results ofthe study showed that water management in the watershed covered by springheadHersin faces many challenges in different dimensions. These challenges areparticularly related to the effectiveness of government activities at the basinscale, the efficiency of the existing statistics and information system andsustainable financial resources, and finally the lack of trust of farmers dueto lack of tra  arency in water decisions in the region. Finally, long-termstrategies based on these challenges were proposed. The main strategy is tocreate a strong catchment organization that can replace the water management ofHarsin city, which is responsible for holding the government in the region.  

   Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the acceptance of solar energy in rural communities in the central part of Kermanshah township. Energy is the main force of human life and their social life and has led to the economic development of societies. Solar energy is one of the most important and widely used energies that, in addition to being renewable, has caused less damage to the environment and humans. Unfortunately, there are villages in our country that are not connected to the national electricity distribution network, and if these people are connected to the national network, additional pressure will be applied to the electricity distribution company, which will lead to more air pollution. On the other hand, most of these villages have a population of less than 20 people, which will not be economically viable to wir these areas. Therefore, the use of solar panels can be untying.    methodology: The present study is a quantitative-qualitative paradigm and consists of Four steps. This research is both applied and fundamental. For this purpose, first the zoning of rural areas of Kermanshah township was done with the help of information obtained from the province electricity distribution company and GIS software. In the second step, after obtaining information through individual interviews and analyzing the content of the main sentences, the main concepts are identified. In the third step, the main concepts are formulated and a researcher-made questionnaire is filled out with the help of 200 villagers in the central part of Kermanshah township, whose number is calculated by Morgan formula, of which 118 were men and 82 were women. The obtained data were analyzed using    software and the final model was obtained using AMOS software.    Results: Based on the findings, the central part is considered as the population of the present study. Based on the findings of the external variables model, which includes government support, information and education, professional characteristics, participation, individual-social characteristics and acceptance of leading and reputable people, has affected on the two variables is perceived usefulness and perceived ease, and these two are effective on the variable of attitude, and the variable of attitude on intention, and intention have also been effective on the variable of actual use. Perceived ease variable also affected perceived usefulness. But the usefulness variable has no effect on intention and their relationship is also negative. The goodness of the fit of the model with the number 0.880, shows the fit of the model well.    Conclusion: Based on the results, there is a positive and significant relationship between external variables and perceived usefulness. There is also a positive and significant relationship between external variables and perceived ease of use. In addition, there is a significant and positive relationship between the perceived ease variable and the perceived usefulness variable. Furthermore, there is a significant and positive relationship between perceived usefulness and attitudes toward use. There is a positive and significant relationship between the variable of attitude to use and intention to use. There is also a positive and significant relationship between the variable of intention to use and actual use. However, the relationship between perceived usefulness and intention was negative and there was no significant relationship because solar panels have not been used or have a negative experience in rural communities. Based on the results, 6 variables have been added to the Davis technology acceptance model, and people in rural areas of the central part of Kermanshah township are interested in installing panels if the restrictions are lifted.   

  the aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of educational training courses and olive treatment at the beneficiaries of the olive orchards of dalaho countythe research method: this research was done by the type of research and descriptive - survey method. the questionnaire was made and its reliability validity was investigated. in order to evaluate the courses from two statistical population باغداران to 320 persons and experts and مروجان facilitator, 10 people were used in questionnaire. the questionnaire consisted of 14 questions to determine individual and professional characteristics of باغداران and the second part includes 19 گويه for determining the response from the viewpoint of people participating in the period; and the fourth part includes 34 گويه in the learning area. It is to be mentioned that the items on the questionnaire were designed in the questionnaire on a 3 - level Likert scale within the framework of the كرك كرك model

Abstract In the present study, the future of digital marketing of agricultural products in the post-corona era has been studied and the general approach of the research was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in this study was selected from among the experts, stakeholders and producers, 29 people from different sectors of agriculture and after a semi-structured interview method and a questionnaire whose validity and reliability through a panel of experts and reading notes for participants It was confirmed, , Which was identified by content analysis technique, parameters and key factors affecting the future of digital marketing of agricultural products, all factors in the form of "themes" and the most important key factors were separated and identified and then in the form of fuzzy Delphi technique. The key factors are identified and in the next step by forming a matrix of interactions in the form of Mick Mac technique, the type of effect of each of the influential and influential factors is identified and finally by forming the second matrix of thematic experts' surveys and polls. Impacts of each situation on each factor on other factors and data entry in ScenarioWizard software, possible scenarios in the future of digital marketing of agricultural products in order to provide useful solutions for better development of digital marketing management of agricultural products and hope to get results In order to achieve a comprehensive plan for the development and promotion of digital marketing of agricultural products, Amdeh achieved both among the bodies in charge of the agricultural sector and among agricultural producers. .  

  چكيده مقدمه اصلاحات ارضي يكي از مهم ترين برنامه هايي بود كه در زمان محمدرضاه شاه به اجرا درآمد و به عنوان جامع ترين و جدي ترين اقدام حاكميتي در تاريخ كشاورزي ايران، آثار شگرفي بر مناسبات ارضي، ساختار زراعي و مورفولوژي روستايي داشت. در اين راستا پژوهش حاضر به واكاوي اثرات اصلاحات ارضي بر ساختار اجتماعي و مورفولوژي دهستان شيان پرداخته است. روش تحقيق تحقيق پيش رو از نظر هدف كاربردي است و روش تحقيق از نوع توصيفي- تحليلي و با رويكرد كيفي، به واكاوي اثرات اصلاحات ارضي بر ساختار اجتماعي و مورفولوژيكي در دهستان شيان پرداخته است. در اين پژوهش سه هدف دنبال شد. در هدف اول و دوم با استفاده از پارادايم كيفي و روش تحقيق توصيفي- تحليلي به واكاوي تأثيرات اصلاحات ارضي بر ساختار اجتماعي و مورفولوژي پرداخته شد. جامعه مورد مطالعه را مطلعين و افراد بالاي 50 سال، بخصوص كشاورزان كهنسال منطقه در بر مي گيرد كه شناخت كافي نسبت به اصلاحات ارضي داشتند. نمونه ها به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند و نمونه گيري تا زمان رسيدن به اشباع داده ها ادامه يافت. جمع آوري داده ها از طريق مصاحبه هاي عميق فردي و گفتگوهاي نيمه ساختارمند صورت گرفت. براي تجزيه و تحليل داده ها از مفاهيم استخراج شده از گرافها و متن مصاحبه ها، عكسها و تصاوير استفاده شد. در هدف سوم، بررسي پيامدهاي اجتماعي ايجاد شده در جريان اصلاحات ارضي در منطقه با استفاده از پارادايم كيفي و روش تحقيق توصيفي- تحليلي صورت گرفت. در اين هدف نيز جامعه مورد مطالعه را كشاورزان كهنسال منطقه، مطلعين و افراد بالاي 50 سال تشكيل دادند. نمونه گيري به صورت هدفمند انجام شد و جمع آوري دادها تا زماني كه داده هاي به دست آمده تكراري شدند انجام پذيرفت. براي تجزيه و تحليل داده ها از تكنيك تحليل محتواي ارتباطي با استفاده از روش مرسوم كدگذاري باز و محوري بهره گرفته شد. نتايج نتايج واكاوي اثرات اصلاحات ارضي بر ساختار اجتماعي در دهستان شيان نشان داد، كسب منزلت اجتماعي، استقلال، خوداتكايي و اعتماد به نفس، حذف روابط ارباب- رعيتي و رهايي از سلطه مالكان و زمينداران بزرگ از دستاوردهاي مثبت اصلاحات ارضي در منطقه بوده است كه همگي به دنبال مالكيت شخصي كشاورزان ايجاد شد. از سوي ديگر حذف قدرت مالكان و ايجاد خلاء مديريتي، از مهمترين پيامدهاي منفي اصلاحات ارضي است. در راستاي هدف دوم، نتايج اين تحقيق نشان داد كه اصلاحات ارضي، مورفولوژي روستا را هم به لحاظ مساكن و بافت روستا و هم به لحاظ مورفولوژي زراعي دگرگون ساخته است. استفاده از معماري شهري و مصالح غير بومي در بازسازي مساكن، باعث تغيير كاربري مساكن و از بين رفتن هويت اصيل سيماي روستا گرديد. به طوري كه بدون در نظر گرفتن شرايط محيطي روستا، كاركرد و ساختار مساكن كه بر اساس رويكرد توليدي بود دستخوش تغيير و تحول نمود. و روحيه مصرف گرايي و تجمل گرايي را در دهستان ترويج نمود. همچنين نتايج بررسي مورفولوژي زراعي در دهستان شيان نشان داد كه كوچك شدن واحدهاي كشت، از بين رفتن شيوه كشت تجاري تك محصولي و ايجاد تنوع كشت، باعث تغيير در الگوي كشت در اين دهستان گرديد. در هدف سوم، نتايج اين تحقيق نشان داد كه افزايش بيكاري، مهاجرت، خلاء مديريتي، تغيير در تنوع و گونه هاي كشت، ايجاد استقلال، افزايش امكانات رفاهي، كاهش بي سوادي، تشكيل شركت هاي تعاوني و افزايش سطح بهداشت از پيامدهاي اجتماعي اصلاحات ارضي در دهستان است كه هر كدام به نوبه خود تاثيرات مثبت و منفي زيادي در منطقه بر جاي گذاشته است. بحث مهم ترين علت عدم توفيق برنامه هاي اصلاحي و عمراني روستايي علاوه بر مديريت كارآمد، توجه نكردن به ظرفيتها و اسنعدادهاي هر منطقه و عدم تناسب برنامه ها با شرايط محيطي و اقليمي و بسترهاي فرهنگي هر روستاست. لذا در راستاي توسعه و عمران روستاها، توصيه مي شود برنامه ريزان و سياست گذاران برنامه هاي توسعه روستايي، قبل از طراحي و اجراي برنامه شرايط محيطي و ظرفيتهاي منطقه را مد نظر داشته و متناسب با آن برنامه هاي كاربردي و اختصاصي ارائه دهند و از پتانسيل هاي هر منطقه براي بهبود وضعيت روستاها بهره كافي گرفته شود. كلمات كليدي: اصلاحات ارضي، ساختار اجتماعي، مورفولوژي، دهستان شيان

The occurrence of climate change and its effects on the flow of surface water and groundwater resources along with improper management of water resources leads to increased vulnerability of communities to these changes. This has led to various strategies and strategies to reduce the effects of drought. Therefore, in addition to improving water resources management methods, improving the resilience of agroforestry systems has been proposed as a new and successful solution to reduce the harmful effects of drought. There are also many reasons that agroforestry systems can help farmers maintain their land productivity under changing climatic conditions, including drought, and observations of agricultural performance after severe weather events (storms). Droughts over the past two decades have shown that climate disaster resilience is closely linked to increasing biodiversity. One of the areas that needs further evaluation and study in terms of resilience of agroforestry system in the face of drought is Oramanat region. This study helps to evaluate the resilience of Oramanat region in the face of drought and its favorable situation, and finally the resilience in the region can be increased by using agroforestry activities. As mentioned, the quantitative-qualitative blending method will be used according to the research objectives and, if necessary, in steps. Keywords: agroforestry, oramanate, resilience, drought  

  ReviewIn this descriptive survey, we tried to analyze urban agricultural mechanisms in primary schools of Kermanshah city. Three steps were designed to achieve the research objectives. In the first step, using quasi-experimental method and post-test pretest design with control group, the role of practical vegetable training in knowledge, attitude and skills of sixth grade elementary students in the academic year 2018-2019 was investigated. For this purpose, two groups of 55 students were studied using a researcher-made questionnaire. The results showed that after implementing practical vegetable training, there was a significant difference between the post-test and pre-test scores of the experimental group in terms of knowledge and attitude compared to the< control group (p In the next step, using descriptive phenomenology method, students' skills and practical experiences during the cultivation process were investigated. In this regard, purposive sampling method (N=30) data analysis using Colaysi method showed that students gained experiences such as conflict over product protection and providing facilities, learning with pleasure and competition during the cultivation process. In the last step, targeted field interviews were conducted with experts from the Education Organization, managers and parents. The results of data analysis using content analysis method showed that implementing farm school programs has advantages such as learning through practice, promoting agricultural jobs, learning with sheet pleasure, improving learning space, fostering students' creativity, increasing social capital, changing students' behavior, increasing valuation and promoting healthy eating culture, accelerating learning process, promoting urban agriculture, increasing parental interactions and students' income for school. In addition, the implementation of the farm school plan can be faced with challenges such as being costly and lack of credit, lack of necessary facilities in schools, need for specialized and skilled staff, time limits on cultivation and in schools, legal and administrative problems, opposing some parents with cultivation and work, resistance of the late educational staff against the complete implementation of the plan and negative attitude of the society towards agriculture.Keywords: Agricultural Development, Farm School, Urban Agriculture, Agriculture in Institutions, Elementary Students.

  Drought has numerous negative effects on the agricultural sector, and farmers, as the largest group of water consumers in the agricultural sector, are more exposed to the effects of drought. Therefore, in recent decades, various management strategies have been proposed to reduce the dimensions and effects of drought. One of the main strategies in the face of drought is the protection of water resources and in this regard, understanding the desire and behavior of farmers in the protection of water resources is one of the main components of demand management. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the structures affecting the water conservation behavior of farmers in the face of drought using conservation motivation theory. To achieve this goal, the specific objectives of analyzing the perception of farmers in the Mosian plain region of drought, explaining the pattern of water protection behavior of agricultural operators in the region, examining the factors affecting water protection behavior of agricultural operators and 4.69 and standard deviation = 0.54) and based on their experiences, surface water has decreased compared to the past (average = 4.67 and deviation). Criterion = 59/0).They also expect a quick solution for the region due to water conditions (mean = 4.56 and standard deviation = 0.77). The loss of blessings from the earth and the sky due to non-payment of zakat on agricultural products is also the most important memory of farmers in relation to drought (average = 3.80 and standard deviation = 1.09). According to the correlation coefficient test, the age and education of farmers have a significant relationship with their water conservation behaviors at the error level of one percent. There is also a significant difference in farmers' water conservation behaviors based on gender, marital status, participation in training 0.19, t = 3.77); The latent variable of perception of water crisis has a positive and significant effect on the level of error of one percent directly on water protection behavior among respondents (? = 0.41, t = 9.48); The latent variable of response effectiveness has a positive and significant effect on the level of one percent error indirectly on water protection behavior among respondents (? = 0.49, t = 10.92); And the latent variable of self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on the level of error of one percent indirectly on the behavior of water protection among respondents (? = 0.41, t = 8.46).However, the significant effect of perceived variables of perceived vulnerability (? = 0.11, t = 1.95) and response cost (? = 0.10, t = 1.90) on water protection behavior among respondents has not been confirmed.

This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of different levels of the amino acid arginine and the element nano-selenium on the production traits, carcass components and safety of broilers. Therefore, 810 one-day-old broiler chickens of Ross strain were tested by factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 9 treatments, 6 replications and 15 chickens. Experimental treatments including control treatment without additives, the second treatment containing 0.45 mg of arginine, the third treatment containing 0.9 mg of arginine, the fourth treatment containing 0.3 mg of nano-sellenium, the fifth treatment containing 0.45 mg of nano selenium, the sixth treatment Containing 0.3 and 0.45 mg nano selenium and arginine, the seventh treatment contains 0.3 and 0.9 mg nano selenium and arginine, the eighth treatment contains 0.45 and 0.45 mg nano selenium and arginine and the ninth treatment They contained 0.45 and 0.9 mg of nano selenium and arginine. The breeding period was 35 days. Weight gain and feed intake were also recorded weekly and feed conversion ratio was also calculated. On day 35, physiological reagents including albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose as well as blood enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde and blood safety were evaluated. Chickens were then slaughtered and their carcass components and weight were measured. The mean interaction of broiler chickens and also the weight of chickens receiving arginine and nano-selenium up to three weeks did not show a significant difference (P> 0.05). The interaction of these treatments was significant in the fourth and fifth weeks of the experiment (P <0.05). Weekly weight gain as well as final weight gain of broilers showed that there was no significant difference in the interaction of arginine and nano-selenium levels by three weeks (P <0.05). The mean of weight gain interactions in the fourth and fifth weeks as well as the whole period showed a significant difference (P <0.05). The mean of feed interactions of broiler chickens except the first week (P <0.05) in all experimental weeks and also in the whole period was affected      

  AbstractThe issues related to ownership and to bit lands, disputes created by land revoloutions are major challenges in agriculture section. Cadaster is a strategy that its use in Iran agriculture condition can be caused safe condition. On the other words, list ordered is associated to land parts that contain area, dimensions, application type, registration properties. Iran has not been paid much attentions cadaster up to 2014 years. Seemingly, cadaster plane has conducted from 2015 years in the country for imroving problems created on agriculture parts. For these reasons, cadaster has not still been evaluated. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the cadaster in Mahidasht townshi   in Kermanshah province. This study was conducted in qualitive form. The participants were ownerships and farmers in Mahidasht township, expertises in special section (companies conductor cadaster), in governmental section (Agriculture Jihad) and elites in agriculture section). To collect the data, semi-structured, group, observational and documental interviews were used. The results showed that the most important purpose for cadaster is to fix ownerships, and preparation of agriculture document. The most important disputes in Mahidasht was associated to heritance and application change. To obtain the purposes, not only private and governmental sections must be involved in conducting cadaster, but other people that benefite must be involved. It can be stated that cadaster is successive plane and can decreases disputes among farmers. The obatined results can have acheivements for Agriculture Jihad organization and the use of cadaster can be used for improving the purposes.   Cadaster can promte sustainable agriculture without the effect on disputes.Keywords: Cadaster, land cadaster,   roperty rights, land conflict, right to own land, land disputes, qualitive capability     

The aim of this study was to investigate the research ethics in academic research. To this end, we studied the agriculture faculty of Razi University by applying a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) approach. The quantitative portion of the statistical population of the research consists of master’s and PhD students of agriculture faculty and the qualitative portion consists of PhD students of the promotion department and professors of agriculture faculty. The research sample consists of 163 master’s and PhD students sampled by stratified random sampling for the quantitative part, and 15 professors and 10 PhD students of the promotion department sampled by targeted sampling for the qualitative part.Data collection for the quantitative part was done using questionnaires and by personal and distance interviews for the qualitative part. The validity of the research tool for the quantitative part was confirmed by the faculty board of the promotion and training department at Razi University and its reliability was confirmed using the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient.The triangulation method (using different views of professors of different agriculture fields to interpret data related to the research topic, self-review by the researcher during the process of data analysis and presenting all documents and notes after being analysed by the researcher of the research team) was used to test the validity and reliability of the qualitative part.   version 19 and smartPLS version 3 softwares were used as data analysis tools for the quantitative part and content analysis was used for the qualitative part.The results showed that among 10 behavioral components, data forgery, distortion of data, scientific theft and plagiarism were selected as the most common behavioral components of research misconduct in agriculture faculty.The results also showed that from the viewpoint of students, the agricultural students' behavior toward research misconduct were at a low level, intention and attitude were at low to moderate levels and subjective norms of perceived behavioral control were at moderate to high levels and the attitude had no effect on students’ intention for research misconduct.The results of the correlation analysis showed that based on the students’ age there is a statistically significant difference between the mean score of the subjective norms variable of students of agriculture faculty.Also, there was a statiscally significant difference between the mean scores of the variable of students’ attitudes toward research misconduct on the basis of the study field of students in agriculture faculty that was less than 0/47.Keywords: Research Misconduct, Academic Research

  Abstract Climate change is one of the most important factors that can have a significant effect on natural, social and economic resources. Today, these changes have become a concrete and objective phenomenon all over the globe and there is less point in the world that can not experience these changes. Mahedasht district in Kermanshah province has been experiencing severe fluctuations in recent years due to the fact that the livelihood of people is the agricultural area and during the years when the region has been affected by climate change, farmers have suffered a lot of damage. It is necessary to consider the livelihood of farmers in the area with great attention. The general objective of this research is to evaluate the livelihood resilience of farmers in Mahidasht district against climate change and fluctuations. Achieving the overall research objective requires the following specific objectives: 1. An analysis of the constructive dimensions of livelihood resiliaion of farmers in Mahidasht 2. Prioritizing the Dimensions of Productive Livelihoods of Farmers in Mahidshat 3. Investigating the factors affecting the constructive dimensions of livelihoods of arable farmers in Mahidasht district 4. Measuring the level of livelihood resiliance of farmers in Mahidasht This is an applied study and the research paradigm is descriptive and quantitative. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to survey the validity of the questionnaire. The validity of this study was carried out by the professors of the Agricultural extension and education department of Razi University of Kermanshah. The reliability of different parts was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test And the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.85, 0.91 and 0.6. The statistical population of Mahidshast rural farmers is sampling. The sampling method is simple random sampling. The total population of the population is 2800 farmers. Based on the Morgan table, the sample population is 331 people. The data analysis tool was    software. Assessing the level of livelihood hedge of arable farmers in Mahdasht has determined a moderate level of resilience of about 53% for the aforementioned owners. Comparison of male and female resiliency showed that men had a higher level of resilience than women, and the comparison of married and single married women showed a higher salary for married women.    Correlation between different aspects of survival alleviation showed that the highest correlation between resilience with the dimension of impulsivity and the least correlation with residual self-organizing dimension was. key words: Resilience - Climate change - Climate fluctuations – Vulnerability

The time series is a time-dependent hydrologic variable finding its future forecasting is the most important goal of time series analysis. Considering of trend term, period term, and generally stationary in hydrologic time series can be affected to improve the performance of modeling algorithms and results interpretation. Using historical information of variables enables prediction of its future values, which is a key factor in planning, policy making and management of water resources systems. Evolutionary GEP is one of the algorithms that has high efficiency in time series modeling which has been interested by researchers due to its high accuracy in modeling. The effect of data properties in comparison of different effective parameters of the gene expression model has not assessed simultaneously on time series forecasting accuracy in previous studies. Therefore, the aim of this research is assessment of time series properties and important parameters of GEP for time series forecasting with high accuracy in Calibration and validation periods. Several time series in different climate are used in this research as monthly time series Temperature of Alaska, Florida, New York and Boston with a period of 50 years, monthly time series Temperature of Ireland, Portugal, Indonesia and India with a period of 50 years, time series groundwater depth of Chamchamal Plain station and songhor, and monthly time series Water flow in Langat and Semeniyh areas and Pirsalman are used.   Genexprotools5.0 software has been used to model of those time series by GEP. 70% of the data is used for model training and the rest for model validation. Head Size, Embedding Dimension, and Number of chromosomes are used to assess the effects of different GEP parameters and generated some scenarios base on them which are solved by Genexprotools5.0 software. The RMSE, R and NASH statistical criteria are used to evaluate the model's performance in scenarios. effective parameters. By more assessment of data properties and effective parameters in GEP model, the results indicate that periodic term in data properties of temperature time series caused to find R with more than 90% in calibration and validation period as effective parameters in GEP model has affected less than 10% in results. In other words, the data properties has more effects on time series forecasting. So, by the elimination of periodic term, the results in all cases would be significantly reduced. The periodicity of the time series is sinusoidally for the excellent performance of the model in predicting the variation process, which is a prerequisite for obtaining the results, and it is sufficient that the maximum volatility values in the correlation function in the ACF diagram are close to one. In this case, the modeling results will have acceptable statistical metrics. Also, the results showed that alternating a series when it does not have a periodic ACF diagram would improve the performance of the model and produce acceptable results in modeling. Keywords:TimeSeries, Gene Expression, forecasting, Periodicity,ACF curve, Genexprotools5.0

  Over the past few decades, the concept of cross-border agricultural production has emerged as a new form of exploitation systems. Trans-Asian agriculture means the production of basic agricultural inputs and products by one country in other countries and the transfer of inputs and products to the domestic market in order to respond to domestic demand (Khalidi et al., 2014). According to research carried out over the last few years, many measures have been taken in this regard in Iran, in which, according to Article A, a regulation passed by the government on 25/5/95 deals with cross-border agricultural issues Is. Since then, states have entered into agrarian agreements with other countries, including Brazil, Kyrgyzstan, Vietnam, Uruguay, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Russia and Ghana. Most of these contracts are between 25 and 49 years old and now more than 2.5 million hectares of land are proposed for over-the-border cultivation, which is being negotiated with the respective countries.Aims: The general objective of this study is to analyze the strategic cross-country agricultural policy in Iran.Research method: The present study is qualitative research in terms of paradigm and is applicable in terms of purpose. Technique and data collection tool: Deep interviews will be semi-structured until we continue the interviews to achieve theoretical saturation. Validity and reliability of research will be achieved through the triangulation method (trinity). The overall basis for analyzing and reporting the findings will be the SWOT matrix. The community studied will be specialists, experts, investors, investor and host parties, and a targeted targeted sampling method for typical cases and snowball.Keywords: Cross-Country Agriculture, Strategic Model SWOT, Basic Theory, ODM Model, Iran

  The use of academic research results over the last few centuries has provided the underlying foundation for advancement and development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers to the application of academic research by students and to provide guidelines for applying academic research on the campus of agriculture and natural resources of Razi University with a quantitative and qualitative combination approach. The study population was in the qualitative section including faculty members of Agricultural Campus, Agricultural Jihad Experts and Agricultural Research Center of Kermanshah. The data collection tool was semi-structured interview in qualitative method. The statistical population of the study in the quantitative section included graduate students (N = 360). 202 students were selected using Cochran formula and stratified sampling was used for sampling. The results of the qualitative section data showed that the barriers to the non-application of academic research to the two general categories are factors outside the university based on the economic, social, cultural and macroeconomic structures of the country and the Ministry of Science, and the second group is the factors of the university. Which includes manpower, equipment and facilities, university environment and education. The findings of the quantitative section showed that students were not at the desired level in terms of individual characteristics, literacy and faculty and, on the other hand, students acknowledged that the economic, social, educational, and structural factors were as high as 75% in the non-application of research Have a role. Given the identification of barriers to the application of research, suggestions and strategies have been presented by the studied community and the researcher.

  In recent years, farmers in Mahidasht district of the city have leased their agricultural land, This has led to problems such as excessive use of water and the risk of water resources, the use of inappropriate poisons and soil contamination, and in the future, not too long-term pollution of groundwater, Rising unemployment and increasing immigration from village to city. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate the causes and consequences of renting out in the Mahesht area.In this study, Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) technique was used to investigate the reasons for the development of the rental phenomenon in the region and The event analysis technique (ETA) was used to examine the consequences of extending this exploitation system. The research data were collected through a non-structured, in-depth individual interview, focused groups, group discussions with 32 individuals from the Mahidasht waveguide in Kermanshah province and direct observations.The results showed that the main reasons for creating incentives among farmers are mostly organizational, economic, An individual is a social and environmental climate. Reasons include the adoption of inappropriate agricultural policies, the lack of proper government support from farmers, lack of capital and enough money to supply equipment and inputs, Lack of skills for performing lucrative cultivations, not stocking and storage, lack of cooperation and trust among indigenous people, high aged farmer The small size of households and ... has led landowners to lease their lands to non-indigenous people, mainly from Isfahan, Hamedan and Lorestan.This study, by identifying the causes and consequences of expanding the rental system and providing practical solutions, could lead to achievements for rural development officials in the province. By adopting measures such as promotion training to owners and introducing new cultivation practices, financing and facilitating loan conditions, creating appropriate insurance, establishing a mutually acceptable relationship between the university and agricultural jihad with farmers and gaining their trust Providing amenities and health services for the villagers, the owners to stay in the village and the occupation of agriculture.

   In the present study Investigating   measure the rural social welfare Mansour aghaei District of   Ravansar Township was Shahu section. the general approach of present study mixed (qualitative-Quantitative). The   statistic society of the study acolyte and management expert organizations in the field of social welfare and the District rurals formed Mansour aghaei. The qualitative, the purposive sampling method, 10 samples, and the Quantitative, simple random sampling, 189 rurals were selected as sample. In the qualitative information collected through Delphi technique and Quantitative was done through a questionnaire. In the qualitative method to evaluate the reliability and validity of the "triangle of Research Team" and "review experts" were used. Validity of the Quantitative by the faculty members promoting the education of Agriculture Razi University accredited and its reliability using Cronbachs alpha coefficient was confirmed. In the qualitative content analysis and quantitative analysis tools software was   16. The results showed that job satisfaction indices, cohesion and social participation and life satisfaction in first ranks set rural social welfare indices and indices of income and job security were the last ranks. The results of correlation analysis showed a significant positive relation between age, education and income with social welfare, which distributes each of these variables by increasing the amount of rural social welfare increases.  

  The study of students views about the hidden curriculum in agricultural fields of Razi University     Amirhosein Alibeigi1, Parvaneh Ahookhosh2       Hidden curriculum is the same experiences that students learn at the University and during the inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm -0.3pt 0pt 0.35pt; unicode-bidi: embed; DIRECTION: ltr" >This qualitative research is done with case study method on agricultural students of Razi University. Data through individual semi - structured and deep interviews on the 25 students (sampling with maximum difference method) up to the time of data saturation was done and the content analysis method was used (using the software Maxquda 12). Among the total of 75 codes extracted from the results, 5 themes were extracted which each one contain numerous themes. Among these themes, factors such as taking routine in terms of teaching methods and content, cold and non-effective interactions between master and student, unfair evaluation, the lack of attention to the needs and expectations of students and then the negative views of students towards their ability and field of study can be named.   Reduced motivation and escape of educational environment, the lack of a useful and fruitful communication with the master, come down the academic performance of students, the lack of desire to participate in practical and entrepreneur activities, increased anxiety and stress, a sense of skepticism toward the continuing education, reduce self-esteem, hopele  ess and extreme negative in students, are the common perspectives towards the hidden curriculum.   One of the experiences acquired by the students can be notice to these cases: learning to fawn for raising confirmation sense of the masters, becoming the score as a criterion and increase the cheat to earn more score at any cost, to memorize the curriculum materials pasittacinely, disregard to the practical and left; LINE-HEIGHT: 107%; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; unicode-bidi: embed; DIRECTION: ltr" align=left>      Keywords: Hidden Curriculum, Agriculture Higher Education, Social Interactions, Teaching Methods, Evaluation Methods.   

  AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation vitamin C and Zinc sulfate on performance, egg quality characteristics and blood parameters in laying hens reared in cold stress condition. A total of 144 laying hens (Lohman-LSL Lite 65 weeks old) was arranged in factorial experiment with 4 dietary treatment and 6 replicates per each treatment. Exprimental treatments included Two levels of vitamin C (0, 250 mg/kg) and two levels of zinc sulfate (0, 40 mg/kg). In this study, adding zinc sulfat had significant effect on FCR, EW and EM The whole period. Also Significant interactions between vitamin C and zn sulfat in first month on FCR, EW and EM were observed(P<0.05). The EM and EW increased, whereas FCR decreased (P<0.05). There were significant interactions between vitamin C and zn sulfat on the shell thickness, Haugh unit and serum level of triglycerides observed(P<0.05). heterophil to lymphocyte ratio increased in the hens fed the diets including zn sulfat compared to those fed the basal diet. In conclusion, the use of dietary supplementation vitamin C and zinc sulfat had impact on performance, quality of egg and serum metabolites in cold stress conditions. key words:Cold stress, Zinc sulfate, Vitamin C, Performance, Laying hens     

  Tomato is one of the most economically important crops of the world and Iran which its production seriously threatens by broomrape infection. In order to evaluate the effect of plant probiotics and allelopathic crops rye and hairy vetch on control of broomrape in tomato, greenhouse and field studies were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at Razi University. In greenhouse study the treatments included using different tomato cultivars Karoon, Aras, Sivand and Super Strain-B, allelopathic crops and various isolates of plant probiotics INR7, P2, B60, B71, E11. Examined treatments in filed stud which were chosed based on previously conducted greenhouse study were insisted of using two tomato cultivar Aras and Sivand, plant probiotics INR7 and B71, and allelopathic crops of rye and hairy vetch. For comparison, a non-treated (control) also was included. In this study for tomato plants, stem height and diameter, number of lateral shoots, fruit weight and number (both single and overall yield), and dry and wet weight f aerial and underground parts were measured. In addition, shoot number and dry weight of broomrape were recorded. Generally, results of this study showed that Sivand the most resistant cultivar against broomrape infection while Aras had the highest susceptibility. Interestingly, while the level; of broomrape invasion on Sivand was intensive but its yield was not diminished by broomrape. Using residues of hairy vetch was very effective in reducing the infection of broomrape on tomato. Hence, it could be concluded the most important achievement in our study was the complete inhibition of broomrape infection in tomato. Incubation of tomato seedling with plant probiotic B71 had no direct effect on broomrape infection while using plant probiotic INR7 increased tomato yield. The effectiveness of plant probiotics on tomato yield was very variable in the presence of allelopathic residues. Integrating these factors was more effective on tomato yield than their sole application. This shows the importance of selecting different factors in integrated management of broomrape I tomato crop. Under real agricultural conditions, the effectiveness of each given factor is determined by others and their subsequent interactions.

    AbstractSignificant changes are taking place in the agricultural sector around the world. Farmers have to adapt to these changes will achieve profitability and revenue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of knowledge and attitude were conducted on the behavior of business management. The study of the purpose and the method is descriptive survey. The study population consisted of all farmers in the southern province of Kerman is working Saifi (75000 N =). The statistical sample according to the sample table Morgan (1970), 382 students who were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Finally 363 questionnaires were Tkml (rate of return = 95/0). The research instrument was a questionnaire validity promoting the education of Agriculture, Razi University faculty member was obtained. The results showed that 2/83 percent of respondents had an average knowledge of their farm business management. Attitudes of Respondents also indicated that 1.85% of the population have a positive attitude towards managing their business. The behavior of workers in the field of business management as well as summer crops showed that there is a majority of respondents in a range from average (86%) are located. The results of the challenge are grouped in six categories: 1. Management - organizational, economic 2-, 3- Training - information, 4- individual factors, -5 and -6 natural factors were dir=rtl align=right>Key words: business management field, knowledge, attitude, behavior, conservatives summer, the southern province of Kerman    AbstractSignificant changes are taking place in the agricultural sector around the world. Farmers have to adapt to these changes will achieve profitability and revenue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of knowledge and attitude were conducted on the behavior of business management. The study of the purpose and the method is descriptive survey. The study population consisted of all farmers in the southern province of Kerman is working Saifi (75000 N =). The statistical sample according to the sample table Morgan (1970), 382 students who were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Finally 363 questionnaires were Tkml (rate of return = 95/0). The research instrument was a questionnaire validity promoting the education of Agriculture, Razi University faculty member was obtained. The results showed that 2/83 percent of respondents had an average knowledge of their farm business management. Attitudes of Respondents also indicated that 1.85% of the population have a positive attitude towards managing their business. The behavior of workers in the field of business management as well as summer crops showed that there is a majority of respondents in a range from average (86%) are located. The results of the challenge are grouped in six categories: 1. Management - organizational, economic 2-, 3- Training - information, 4- individual factors, -5 and -6 natural factors were dir=rtl align=right>Key words: business management field, knowledge, attitude, behavior, conservatives summer, the southern province of Kerman